Joseph Haydn 's Lifelong Involvement With The String Quartet

He is known as the “father of the string quartet” and the “father of the symphony”. Haydn made major contributions to musical form, such as the sonata rondo form and the double variation form.

The Austrian composer Franz Joseph Haydn (1732-1809) was arguably the founder and developer of the formal and structural principles of classical style. His work included hundreds of symphonies, string quartets, and instrumental sonatas. Haydn was an innovator and many composers after him, modeled his style.

Haydn composed his Op. 74 quartets in the later years of his life between 1796 and 1797 and it was the last of his completed string quartets. The set of quartets were dedicated to the Hungarian Count Joseph Erdödy and were published in 1799. It was said that this selection of quartets was one of his “most ambitious chamber works” with his attempt of “emphasizing thematic continuity, seamlessly and continually passing motifs from one instrument to another” 1. The fourth of these quartets is nicknamed “Sunrise”. This is due to the exquisite rising theme heard in the first violin part at the beginning of the first movement from bar one to bar four as seen in Figure

Franz Joseph Haydn is one of the most recognizable names and characters of the Classical era. He is recognizes as the inventor of the string quartet, and tutored many other easily-recognizable musicians such as Ludwig van Beethoven and Amadeus Wolfgang Mozart. Haydn’s first experience with music was when he was eight, and he was recruited to sing as a choirboy at St. Stephen’s choir in Vienna. He eventually came to love the keyboard and violin, and supported himself in his early years by teaching and playing violin. His most famous pieces include: the "Rider" quartet and the Surprise, Military, Drumroll and London symphonies. The listening example: Symphony no. 94 is known as the Surprise Symphony, and is the second of the twelve London Symphonies.

Both Haydn and Beethoven are known as two of the greatest classical/romantic composers in the history of music. Haydn is identified as the father of modern symphony, as well as the father of the string quartet. He has played an essential role in developing the piano trio and the sonata form. Beethoven is also a widely recognized composer in Western music, his style joined the lull between the Classical and Romantic eras. Beethoven traveled to Vienna when he was young to study under Haydn. However, due to disputes and differences between the two composers, lessons only lasted for a little over a year. The teachings, if only for a short period, left a mark on Beethoven, and can be observed in his compositions.

As noted by Robert Hughes, "Beethoven was not only the embodiment of all that was before him, but also of that which was yet to come" (Hughes 486). The truth of this may be seen by comparing Beethoven's 5th Symphony in C Minor to Haydn, the father of Symphony, and his 95th in C Minor. While Haydn's symphony is both playful and dramatic, Beethoven's symphony is grander both in terms of scale and vision. He expands the size of the orchestra to incorporate the sounds swirling around, underlying, and depicting the arrival of Fate in a rhythm-driven, thematic symphony that takes Haydn's form and runs with it as though to the top of a mountain peak. This paper will analyze the symphonies by movement, according to form, size, structure, tonalities, melodies, orchestral sound and overall mood and effect.

Franz Joseph Haydn, born March 31, 1732, is one of the most influential classical composers. Being known as the “Father of Symphony,” is an important reason to look at his work. Focusing closely on his use of timpani in two of his major pieces, “Symphony 103” and “Missa in tempore belli,” can give us an in depth look on his development with the use of timpani. By first starting at looking at his lifetime, then delving into both pieces, next comparing and contrasting the two pieces, and finally, briefly going over other pieces influenced by the use of timpani will give us a better understanding.

Franz Joseph Haydn was born on March 31, 1732 in Rohrau, Austria. At the the age of 8 he was recruited to sing at St.Stephen’s Cathedral in Vienna in the choir. The he learned how to play the piano and violin and then quit the choir. He was able to support himself by teaching others and playing the violin. While he was studying counterpoint and harmony. He was married to Maria Anna Keller, his mistress was Luigia Polzelli, and he had two sons Alois Anton and Nikolaus Pozelli. He Died on May 31, 1809 in Vienna, Austria at the age of 77.

Early eighteenth century marked the beginning of the middle period, which was said to be the most productive period out of his three compositional periods as some of his most magnificent works were produced during this time (Lockwood, 194). In this paper, I will examine the heroic style - why it came about, what are some characteristics of ‘heroic’ music and through the analysis of a ‘product of the times’ (Taruskin) , compare the differences between the music of the heroic style and that of before. The middle period is also known as the heroic period from 1803 – 1812 is after the Viennese period and before the Late

Known primarily as the "father of string quartets", Joseph Haydn played an extremely important role in the development of the string quartet. When the composer first arrived on the scene, the usual name given to a "string quartet" composition was actually considered a 'divertimento '. This title was a general term to describe any “one on a part” type instrumental music that was compatible with a variety of different music scorings, styles and character. It wasn 't until about 1780 that modern titles/terms such as the quartet and quintet become common for 'serious ' chamber music in the now standard scoring. (Eisen, Grove, “String Quartet”) This change of terminology that happens during Haydn 's career does not imply that there was nothing 'serious ' being performed on strings prior to terminology change. In fact, examples of 'serious ' works can be found during Haydn 's op.9 (1769-70) early divertimentos, with a cello playing the bass line. This serious work of Haydn also incorporated a new idea within the world of string quartets, a four movement scheme. Throughout the four movements the textures were varied, having moments of a possible elaborated homophonic 'trio sonata style ', paired with a more contrapuntal polyphonic style.

Music is constantly changing. The Baroque period (1600-1750) and the Classical period (1750-1820) have both differences and similarities in elements such as form, texture, and dynamics. I will be comparing the first movement of Spring from the Four Seasons composed by Antonio Vivaldi and the first movement of Symphony No. 5 in C minor by Ludwig van Beethoven. I will construct a stylistic comparison of the two compositions and their musical stylings with regard to the periods of music of which they belong.

In 1761, Haydn began working for the Esterházy princes, spending nearly 30 years at the Esterházy court. He composed at every wish of the Esterházy princes; any work they demanded. Haydn’s duties included conducting, training, and supervising all musicians, and maintaining instruments. He built an orchestra of 25 players His time at Eszterhaza really influenced the success of his career; Haydn got to hear his work in excellent performances. Because Esterhaza was so isolated, vsitors would often keep him in the loop about music events in other locations.

Ludwig Van Beethoven was one of the most influential composers of his time. The decades around the 1800’s were years of many changes and Beethoven’s new approach to music was something that reflected that. “His symphonies, concertos, string quartets and piano sonatas are central to the repertory of classical music.” This essay will focus on the historical and theoretical aspects of the third movement of Sonata Op. 28 No. 15.

Joseph Haydn was one of the most acclaimed composers of the Classical Era. Known as the father of the string quartet, he has created music that is withstanding the test of time and only becoming more eminent in today’s choice of literature. Hayden’s String Quartet in C Major, Op. 74, No. 1, Movement III, is one of so many that deserve a closer look and a keen eye to decipher. The use of elements such as balance, harmonic closure, form and modulations are easy to look over at first glance. However, through active listening and chord analysis, it becomes easier to absorb the material and thoroughly appreciate the masterpiece.

Some of the major composers of the classical period were Franz Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and Ludwig van Beethoven. Franz Joseph Haydn was an Austrian composer, he was instrumental in the development of chamber music such as the piano trio and his contributions to musical form have earned him the epithets "Father of the Symphony" and "Father of the String Quartet" due to his establishment of the four-movement format that became commonly accepted. Some of his genres were symphony, concerto, string quartet, sonata, opera, and Oratorio. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was an Austrian composer who composed from the age of five and performed before European royalty. He composed more than 600 works, most of his greatest works were during his