From after World War II, to the Cold War, to the creation of the atomic bomb, America’s fear grew stronger. Espionage played an important role in the paranoia of the country. Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were executed for conspiracy in committing espionage because of the unwarranted paranoia of a nuclear attack by the Russians and the unjustified fear of the Soviet Union in the 1950s.
The reputation of the Rosenbergs led to a trial. Julius was born on May 12, 1918 during the Great Depression in Manhattan, New York City. His parents were Polish Immigrants, his father working in the garment industry. He graduated from high school in 1933 and studied to become an electrical engineer at City College of New York. He eventually joined the pro- Communist
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David was arrested three days later for being suspected in being involved in espionage. They proclaimed their innocence while in prison and more than two years later while waiting for their execution. The trial started in February 1951, with the government charging Julius for recruiting David to spy at Los Alamos, and charging Ethel for being a participant in his activities. Irving R. Kaufman was the judge for the trial and Irving Saypol was the lead attorney. According to Ronald Radosh (1983), as stated in his book, The Rosenberg File: A Search for Truth, Saypol, with a strong opinion against Communism, said as his opening argument that the defendants “have committed the most serious crime which can be committed against the people of this country. They conspired to deliver to the Soviet Union the weapons the Soviet Union would use to destroy us” (pp. ??). Emmanuel Bloch was the Rosenbergs’ defendant and John O. Rogge was the Greenglasses’ defendant. Saypol attacked the Rosenbergs with prosecutions of treason as he continued in his opening arguments, then started interrogating the witness, David Greenglass. He questioned him about the drawings and the request from Julius to spy at …show more content…
By the end of the war, the need for uniting to overthrow Japan and Germany had ended. After World War II, the United States began having an unsettling partnership with the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union was an alliance that was necessary to defeat the Axis powers: Germany, Japan, and Italy. The United States believed the Soviets wanted to have dominance in the world, but the Soviets thought the same of the U.S. If Communism spread across the world, the U.S. was afraid that they would lose their freedom and democracy after giving up so much to keep it during World War II. They wanted to make the Nazi Germany into a tradable, capitalist democracy. The Soviets wanted to destroy Germany and create more communist s on the west border to avoid being vulnerable to an attack. The U.S. government felt threatened by the expansion of communism from the Soviets to Eastern Europe, which had spread to China, Korea, Vietnam, and China. As communism began to rapidly spread, the Soviets went to extreme measures to scare their rival. David Ropeik (June 25, 2012), an author and an instructor at Harvard, explains in his writing, The Historical Roots, and Impacts, of our Nuclear Fear, that in August 1945, Americans sent bombs to destroy the Japanese towns of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. This not only killed hundreds of people, but also created extreme fear during World War II. Americans soon began to pursue the communists
to become a global superpower. After WWII, the Cold War soon followed. This was mainly a battle between Anti-Communist and Communist countries. (Trueman, 2015) In the Cold War, the U.S. aided countries that didn’t support Communism. The Soviet Union aided countries that supported Communism. If the United States didn’t become a global superpower, it couldn’t have fought against the spread of Communism. Communism would’ve then spread to other countries, especially the countries near the United States. The Soviet Union would’ve gained power, and they would’ve attacked the United States. Some people will say that the U.S. could’ve used their atomic bombs against them. This would’ve worked until the Soviet Union developed their own. Then the Soviet Union would’ve dropped theirs on the United States, therefore starting a nuclear war. This is why the U.S. was justified in dropping the atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and
When President Truman authorized the use of two nuclear weapons in 1945 against the Japanese in the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki to end World War II, the nature of international security was changed irreversibly. At that time, the United States had what was said to have a monopoly of atomic bombs. Soon thereafter, the Soviet Union began working on atomic weaponry. In 1949, it had already detonated it first atomic bomb and tensions began to heat up between the two countries. With the information that the Soviets had tested their first bomb, the United States began work on more powerful weapons1, and a fight for nuclear superiority had begun.
Following the end of World War II, the United States became increasingly concerned with the perceived threat of Soviet aggression in
When the Soviet Union came into possession of a nuclear bomb, the realization that the horrific aftermath, much like the one in Hiroshima, could happen in America struck fear into Americans.
Following the detonation of two atomic bombs over Japan and the closure of World War II, the United States of America and the Soviet Union entered a period of ideological conflict, the Cold War. The United States sought to preserve and protect democracy throughout the world while the Soviet Union established communist satellite states. During the Cold War, the United States government pushed for the expansion of the United States space program in an attempt to demonstrate power and innovation over the Russians, and in doing so, accelerated the process of space exploration and endangered the lives of their astronauts.
The United States decision to release the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki was a way to intimidate the Soviet Union. The United States did this by revealing to the Soviet Union what they were capable of doing during war. According to Document 3, Dwight D. Eisenhower did not want the Soviet Union to enter the war. Eisenhower believed that the United States did not need aid from the Soviet Union during war. Also, according to Document
Joseph McCarthy a US senator faced a similar situation during the Cold War. At the time, Red Scare caused panic among citizens as it meant a rise of communism. McCarthy spent his time trying to reveal communists in U.S government however due to the panic and sensitive time people began to accuse him of communism until he attacked reinsuring the public. Since both Giles and McCarthy were wrongly accused both of them stayed true to their purpose which shows that This shows that in times of panic and hysteria people are put into a position where they must choose and it can be wrongful
Apart from the fear and paranoia towards the Communist camp, Americans were also shocked by the news of Communist spies and espionages within their own backyard. This not only led to increased surveillance in the US but the environment also became rather hostile and surveillance was very high. When the Soviet’s obtained their own nuclear bombs, the threat of the nuclear bomb and the advancement of Communism itself became blur. In the film Atomic Café, archival footage of U.S. Senator Owen Brewster reveals him saying that the Russians obtained the atom bomb, “not through independent research, but from America, from traitors within our own ranks,” referring specifically to alleged Communists. This instigated a new sense of fear and paranoia
mysteries which occurred in 1953 was the electrocution of Ethel and Julius Rosenberg under the Espionage Act. They were convicted for giving the secret information about the atomic bomb to the Soviet Union. The anti-communist sentiment that characterized the Cold War and McCarthyism led to their trial and execution. Even though there is some evidence of the Rosenbergs' guilt, numerous facts which were discovered after the death of Ethel and Julius argue more convincingly that they were innocent victims of Cold War hysteria.
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were an American couple that was charged with espionage. The US government convicted them of being spies for the Soviet Union. It wasn’t something of a little matter. What the Rosenbergs gave, it has the power to destroy families, towns, even major cities. They gave the Soviet Union the plans to the atomic bomb. On the fateful day of June 19, 1953, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were strapped to the electric chair and executed at a prison called Sing Sing. Although Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were significant to the Soviet Union’s development of their atomic weaponry, their crime cost America a lot of panic, cost the government a lot of money, and cost them their lives. Was it really worth it?
Russia was a huge threat to the United States because Russia was planning on entering the war on the side of the Allies. The US did not want Russia entering the war on the Allies side because, the US would have to share intelligences with the Soviet Union. That would threaten the safety and secrecy of the United States. Dwight D. Eisenhower thought that the only way to keep the Russians out of the war was for victory to come before they had the chance to enter (Doc C). The atomic bomb would bring that end, preventing the Soviets from entering the war. Eisenhower's recollections were told after his meeting with President Harry Truman (Doc C). Winston Churchill also expresses the lack of need of the Russians to enter the war in his recollections of the Potsdam Conference (Doc E). He said that the US no longer needed Russia because they were now able to defeat the Japanese on their own. This meant that the US would no longer have to share intelligences with the Soviets. Another reason for the bombing was the fear of communism spreading throughout countries all over the world. Nuclear Physicist Leo Szilard’s recollections of a meeting with James Byrnes expressed this issue (Doc F). Szilard tells that Mr. Byrnes was concerned with communist Russia spreading influence in Europe (Doc F). If Russian
There are many stories of Americans spying for other countries. Some of these spies have loyalty to other countries, some are coerced into spying, and some are just in for the money. David Sheldon Boone fits the character of someone spying just for the money. Every spy have their own story and purpose of this paper is to provide David Boone’s timeline to present time. Through this timeline, I will discuss detail of David Boone’s background, indicators, materials compromised, handler, and investigation.
<br>Once World War II had concluded, much of Europe lay in ruins. Most of the fascist governments that had dominated Europe during the war and in pre-war times had been dismantled and the two superpowers were in a race to occupy Germany and her surrounding countries in the hopes of influencing their government in one particular way. By 1945, Poland was under a communist regime and the chances were high of the rest of Europe becoming communist. (Legvold, 1999) The United States, despite being allies with Russia during the Second World War, disliked Communism with an extreme passion. The United States obviously hoped that, through the use of the atomic bomb in Hiroshima, the Russians would be intimidated and thus be more agreeable in negotiations for the division of Europe. Without such a weapon, the Russians would have been ruthless in their ideological takeover of Europe.
Point of Order by Emile de Antonio directly eludes to the paranoia surrounding Communism of the 1960s in our government and society. Using primary evidence including recordings and jury trials the spawning and believability of conspiracies in the government was growing exponentially. My topic is dealing with the conspiracies of the 1960’s that are attributed to the Communistic scare with the film Point of Order reinforcing the concept. The 1960’s is a time period full of tragedies including the assassinations of President JFK, equal rights activist Martin Luther King Jr., and constant feuding with the Russians rather it be the Cold War or the Space Race. I intend to analyze the recordings and trial snippets in the film to associate why there
The Cold War was a response to the perceived threat by the United States that Communism would interfere with national security and economic stakes in the world. It was a perceived threat by communist countries that the United States would take to the world. During the Cold War, the United States, Russia, and other countries made efforts to avoid another world war, while warring in proxy in other lands. The devastation caused by the hydrogen bombs exploded in Hiroshima and Nagasaki and the next technological advancements became only deterrents to the public. Governments had their own agenda which would result in worsening the strain between nations. The United States hid behind a curtain of nationalism resulting in increased