Lab Report : Production Of Materials

the chemical energy stored in batteries gets transformed into electrical energy through the wires, then gets transformed into light energy and thermal energy that you see.

Batteries: The major usage of lead is making storage batteries. The grey colour negative electrode is made of Pb and the red colour on the positive electrode is PbO2 in the battery. Airplanes, automobiles, electric vehicles, trucks, tanks, and broadcasting station all use the storage batteries as the energy source of light and making one battery needs dozens of kilograms of lead (Crompton 2000).

The EPA estimates Americans purchase nearly 3 billion batteries each year (D., 2009). A battery is also known as a voltaic cell, and the energy generated and stored by a battery is actually a result of chemical reactions and not mechanical motion. Batteries are contained in nearly every common electronic device, ranging from small devices like smartphones to larger scale products like automobiles, and chemistry is the driving force behind the function of these batteries.Batteries consist of galvanic cells that carry out the production and storage of electrical energy from chemical reactions. The chemical reactions going on inside of the battery are between the oxidant and reductant of Copper and Zinc metals in there Copper-Zinc Voltaic

Looking further into batteries(most batteries) during the discharge of electricity, the chemical on the anode releases electrons to the negative terminal and ions into the electrolyte in a process called oxidation. The positive terminal accepts these electrons and thus completes the circuit making the flow of electrons. Between electrolyte solutions the ions move through the salt bridge to maintain electrical

Where is your money going? Did you know over a million dollars go to waste from buying a ton of batteries that barely work. For my science fair project I am going to test the 4 most popular brands of batteries in America, Duracell, Energizer, Rayovac, and a Alkaline battery named Enercell. The problem is that big battery brands run out quick and you feel like a fool, because you fell for their false advertising. So to accomplish this I am going to test different brand of batteries by using a battery conductor. The battery

Lead poisoning is one of the global burden and need to be focused a lot on preventive strategies.

Lead is a natural element that can be found throughout our environment and in small amounts in the Earth’s crust (Environmental Protection Agency [EPA], 2016). Lead is a corrosion resistant, malleable, bluish white metal that has been used throughout history. The Romans, for example, used lead to fashion pots for cooking, water pipes, and aqueducts (International Lead Association, 2016a). In today’s world lead is used to protect underwater cables from corrosion and provides excellent protection from radiation due to its high density. Currently, it is used in hospitals and dentists offices to provide protection from X-ray radiation. Lead-acid batteries are commonly used to store energy from wind turbines, solar panels for later use. These batteries are also used to power our cars and trucks and provide power for hospitals and emergency services during blackouts (International Lead Association, 2016b). Lead-acid batteries are the primary use of lead in the United States (Occupational Safety and Health Administration [OSHA], n.d.).

A battery has three main parts: it has two terminals made of chemicals, which are called the anode and the cathode. There’s also the electrolyte, which detaches the two terminals. The electrolyte is a chemical medium. It allows the flow of electrical charge between the cathode and anode and when a device is connected to a battery the chemical on the anode releases electrons to the negative terminal. This is called an oxidation reaction. While this is happening, at the positive terminal the cathode accepts electrons. This completes the circuit for the flow of

The purpose of this experiment is to figure out weather or not electricity could affect the pH of a solution. Adding the Epsom salt to the solution and pencil led as the conductors of the electricity and with a salt bridge connecting the two solutions in the middle. Chemicial reaction will form if the solution with Epsom salt reacts to the electricity with both positive and negative charges. To extend the experiment using both terminals of the battery, and figure out the effect of both positive and negative charges had on the pH was also apart of this lab.

Throughout history one metal has shaped and molded civilizations. The first metal that comes to many people’s minds is that of gold, used for coinage, art, and display of power; however, the metal that literally has shaped civilizations from that of the Roman Empire to twentieth century America is lead. Over the course of thousands of years, lead refining methods allowed for it to become part of everyday life ranging from glassware to plumbing, to bullets and batteries. Despite its negative health effects, lead still plays an important role in modern life as it is used sparingly for the production of munitions, and solder, with more than 75% of lead being used for lead-acid batteries. Furthermore, many developing countries throughout the

There are three types of 12 volt batteries used today for marine applications. They are WET battery, gel battery and, more recently, AGM battery (which means "absorbed glass mat"). All of these batteries are built-in lead and measure a full charge 12.85 volts, they

Electrochemistry is a vital part of the world and affects most individuals on a daily basis. Without electrochemistry and the knowledge gained from it, there would be no batteries, no cars, no electronics and many other things that depended on a power source. One of the main ideas is that of concentration cells. Concentration cells essentially make a battery by using different concentrations of compounds to have a positive cell potential. If something is a battery meaning, it has a positive cell potential and therefore it is also a “voltaic” cell or “galvanic” cell and reduction occurs spontaneously. When looking at redox reactions it is important to understand that the cathode is where reduction occurs and the anode is where oxidation occurs as all areas of electrochemistry depend on cathodes and anodes. The cell potential of a cell is a measure of the difference between the cathode and anode of a reaction and is found by subtracting the cathode minus the anode using the table of standard half reactions . Using cell potentials it is possible to find what a certain unknown material is present in the cathode or anode. If one wishes to calculate the theoretical potential of a cell then the Nernst equation can be used if both half-cell concentrations are known, or the concentration of a product or reactant can be calculated if the potential is known. This experiment highlighted these main pints of electrochemistry by incorporating unknown substances and concentrations which

Water must be dissolved in salt to be made an electrode. An electrode is a conductor through which electricity enters or leaves an object or a substance. The net result of two electrode reactions added together is ( H + ions + 4 OH ions ). An ion is an atom or a molecule in which the total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons, giving the atom or molecule a positive or negative electrical charge. Ions can be created either chemically or physically. The cathode, the negatively charged electrode by which

In class I was introduced to the concepts of batteries and electrochemical cells. I am really interested in batteries and how they work and what goes into making a battery. I was inspired to this experiment mostly because I want to study electrical engineering in university and I wanted to find out the chemistry behind the production of the electrical energy in batteries. During my reading, I found out that the first battery was actually invented by Italian physicist Count Alessandro Volta and was demonstrated to Napoleon Bonaparte in 1801. Constructed from alternating discs of zinc and copper wit pieces of cardboard soaked in brine between the metals, this was the first battery that produced a reliable steady current of electricity. The reason why this works is because, as I found out, batteries use the process of redox reactions to create voltage. I also found out that the difference in reactivity leads to the voltage that will be produced. Voltage is a measure of the amount of energy which each coulomb of electrons can carry. The more readily a species loses electrons, the bigger the build of potential energy and the higher the voltage. The reason why transition metals are used is because they are very good conductors of electricity and they have seas of electrons so electrons can travel within them fairly easily. There is a table that provides the results of experiments where these various compartments are connected to a hydrogen electrode. It is known as the

The anode is connected to the positive terminal of the supply, and the cathode (article to be plated) is connected to the negative terminal. When the external power supply is switched on, the metal at the anode is oxidized from the zero valence state to form cations with a positive charge. These cations associate with the anions in the solution. The cations are reduced at the cathode to deposit in the metallic, zero valence state. For example, in an acid solution, copper is oxidized at the anode to Cu2+ by losing two electrons. The Cu2+ associates with the anion SO42- in the solution to form copper sulfate. At the cathode, the Cu2+ is reduced to metallic copper by gaining two electrons. The result is the effective transfer of copper from the anode source to a plate covering the cathode.