Lake Victoria in the East African Rift Valley is young compared to the surrounding lakes in the region. Despite this, the haplochromine cichlid fish that inhabit this lake have shown rapid evolution. The lake was formed by a combination of tectonic movement and river water reversal of an “ancient drainage system” in the Pleistocene. The lake is also shallow compared to others in the area (a maximum depth of 69 meters), so it is unlikely that the resident cichlids could have survived in pools during the lake’s desiccation in the late Pleistocene (Coyne and Orr, 2004). In fact, work from 1995-1996 suggests that the lake became completely desiccated in the deepest part of the basin. Therefore, fish could not have possibly found refuge in satellite lakes, and the hundreds of observed cichlid species in the lake must have then evolved within the past 200,000 years, and much more rapidly within the past 12,000 years (Johnson et al., 1996). However, if the lake was dry during the Pleistocene then the source of founding cichlids remains a mystery. It has been proposed that springs were indeed left behind as refuge for fish meaning the fish are actually much older (Coyne and Orr, 2004).
Genetic testing dates the origin of modern haplochromine haplotypes at between 98,000-133,000 years ago. Regardless of the age of the fish, haplochromine sympatric speciation raises many questions. The ecological differences within Lake Victoria are not drastic, which means that all
Evolution is one of the most important factors when looking at history. A crucial moment in evolutionary process is speciation. Fortunately, we have the fossil record of a transitional species called tiktaalik. Tiktaalik was the transitional species of sea creature that would evolve into a land creature. It was found on Ellesmere Island in the Canadian arctic and is believed to be around 383 million years old (Class Lecture).
Over the last several years, evolution has been playing an increasingly important role in determining how various species are evolving. This is because ecology will have an impact on how quickly a particular organism is able to adapt (with: the unique challenges for a particular environment). To determine the effect that this is having requires carefully examining different species over the course of many years. This will be accomplished by comparing these changes on Darwin and Wallace Islands. Once this occurs, is when specific insights will be provided that are highlighting the underlying challenges affecting the development of organisms. This is the point that these transformations will be evident among the various life forms. (Fasolo, 2011, pp. 53 68)
As seen with Anolis, single species of organisms have the ability to undergo adaptive radiation and become new species by filling niches in a given environment. This is prevalent not only in Anolis, but other model organisms as well, such as finches, sticklebacks, and cichlids. All of these organisms have gone through the similar mechanisms and processes to evolve into different species. Alike to Anolis, they have gone through reproductive isolation, adaptation, and convergent evolution. Due to a poor fossil record of Anolis, the other model organisms may give better outlook on how they have diverged overtime. Further investigations on all of these organisms and their evolutionary mechanisms would not only give better a better idea of ecological speciation, but more comprehension on the origin of all
(1995-2013) Finally, many evolutionists use the Grand Canyon as proof for millions of years, but evidence shows it actually formed from the overspill from two post-Flood lakes. (Creation Today, n.d.) Obviously, all of this evidence creates major problems for evolution, but is fully explained by Noah’s Flood.
One specific species the author speaks about is the icefish. Scientists find these creatures in the arctic ocean and what intrigued many of them is that the fish’s blood was colorless. This confused many of them because at the time it was known that all vertebrates have red blood cells with the respiratory pigment hemoglobin. When one scientist examined the fish’s blood, he discovered “that the gene two that normally contain the DNA code for the globin part of the hemoglobin molecule have gone extinct” (Carroll 23). Now the one gene for the globin is still in the DNA, however it is not usefully what so ever and the second gene has completely disappeared from
The landscape of Victoria is key to surviving down there. Located in the Western Cordillera, the mountainous area has long narrow inlets called fjords that separate this area. The Coastal Mountains, although rugged and glaciated at times, have many different large forests along the mountain that consist of cedar and oak trees that can work as protection from predators or animals lurking around. In addition, the rolling landscapes/lowlands contain granite rocks that create a beautiful scenery and make it easier to walk along when the road becomes in available to drive on.
The Bosherston Lakes are man- made water bodies own by the National Trust, Stackpole National Nature Reserve and the lakes are made up of four hallow lakes (about -2.5m deep) and is formed by frowning and damming three valleys in the Carboniferous Limestone of coastal Pembrokeshire valleys in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. (Overleaf figure 1.). And Bosherston lakes is managed by the National Trust in partnership with the Country Council of Wales and have been classified under the EC Habitat Directive as a Special Area of Conservation (SAC) .(Ree et al., 1991). In (figures 2 overleaf) which shows
The wild life of Lake Argyle is very inhabitant, as there were many beautiful and majestic creatures that weren’t so shy to expose themselves to our presents. The wild life plays a huge part in this man-made lake, because not
In order to find evidence of the transition from fish to land animals, the author and his colleagues chose to focus on 375 million year old rocks. In 2004, they studied sedimentary rock on Ellesmere Island in Canada’s Arctic as they thought that the rocks there would be exposed and untouched by humans, which would be ideal for fossil excavations. They studied sedimentary rocks (limestone, sandstone, siltstone and shales) because these
Bradbury’s (1967) dissertation research was the first comprehensive study of Zuni Salt Lake maar. Based on a radiocarbon age of 22.9 ± 1.4 ka 14C yr BP (Haynes et al., 1967) on aquatic, calcareous algae from Zuni Salt Lake lacustrine deposits 15 m above the present lake level, he concluded that the Zuni Salt Lake maar formed during the late Pleistocene. This single date provided a maximum age for the Zuni Salt Lake maar but has long been viewed as suspect because of probable hardwater carbon-reservoir effects. Subsequent argon dating of Zuni Salt Lake volcanic rocks resulted in low-resolution plateau ages of 114 ± 38 ka and 86 ± 31 ka (McIntosh and Cather, 1994).
Just last year, some researchers stated that the extinct aquatic animal, the ‘Tully Monster’ was a vertebrate, possibly a relative of today’s lampreys. Like a mismatched puzzle, the Tully monster lacks some vertebrate pieces and has others that are the wrong shape, researchers and colleagues report in the March issue of Palaeontology. (Palaeontology includes the study of fossils to determine organisms' evolution and interactions with each other and their environment, their paleoecology).
The habitat provided by Lake Josephine is contingent on the living and nonliving factors interacting with the lake. Lake Josephine is located along Lexington Avenue in Roseville, Ramsey County, Minnesota (Minnesota Department of Natural Resources 2015e). Lake Josephine is home to many life forms. While the lake is a habitat for different species of fish and other life forms, plants occupy the wet and dry land around the lake. Lake Josephine also serves as a recreational ground for many people; it has a small sandy beach, a fishing pier, picnic area and a playground. Boating, fishing, boating and shallow swimming are some of the common activities in and
The author and his colleagues chose to focus on 375 million year old rocks in their search for fossils because amphibians that look dissimilar to fish were discovered in 365 million year old rocks, while fish without amphibian characteristics were discovered in 385 million year old rocks. Thus, it is possible that the evolutionary intermediary, or the “missing link” between fish and amphibians, would be discovered in 375 million year old rocks, between the two time periods. The rocks examined were sedimentary in composition, as the gradual and relatively gentle formation of sedimentary rock under conditions of mild pressure and low heat are conducive to the fossilization of animal remains. Sedimentary rock is also often formed in rivers and seas, where animals are likely to live. This site provides a resource that describes means by which fossils are formed and how the fossil record may be interpreted, and shows some examples of fossils demonstrating evolution through geological periods: http://www.fossilmuseum.net/fossilrecord.htm. In 2004, Shubin and his colleagues were looking for fossils on Ellesmere Island, in northern Canada. This location was chosen because of its lack of human development, as well as of obstructing natural formations and life forms such as trees, which
The collision of Rodinia(800-750Ma) with the Congo continent which known as the Pan-African Event, was the reason behind breakup of Rodinia. As a result of this, Rodinia rifted into (East Gondwana, Cathyaisa and Cimmeria) in the north and (Laurentia, Amazonia-NW Africa, Baltica and Siberia) in the south. While the Panthalassic Ocean opened. After the next 150Ma, south Rodinia rotated across the South Pole. At the same time north Rodinia rotated to the North Pole. In the pan- Africa event the three continents the Congo continent, North and south Rodinia was collided to form Pannotia (Gretter Gondwanaland) (figure2). According to (Powell, 1995; Dalziel, 1997), that pannotie formed of “exterior “Ocean floor Mozambique Ocean. (Murphy and Nace,
The Mursi are a people of the Omo Valley of Southwest Ethiopia between the Omo and mago rivers, they are transhumant pastoralist, who as a whole they consist of less than 10,000 people. Living in a remote and isolated place in the world they have a unique culture different from any other. This includes their customs, language, economics, food, ect. Perhaps the most well know practise of the Mursi is their use of lip plates worn by the women of the tribe. This is followed by their unique connection with the earth. And lastly the men 's practise of ceremonial duel fighting or stick battling. These practises have become emblematic of their culture, and allow the Mursi to identify with one another in these aspects, and differentiate themselves from other tribes.