LAW OF TORT LAW2002-N 20011/12 Lectures 3 and 4: Trespass to the Person Lectures 5 – 12: Negligence TRESPASS TO THE PERSON Reading: Steele Chap 2 to page 81; Street Chap 3; Winfield Chap 4. ASSAULT AND BATTERY Introduction Battery: intentional application of force to another person. Assault: act of the defendant which causes to the claimant reasonable apprehension of the infliction of an immediate battery on him by the defendant. Battery 1. The character of the act of D a) It must be a positive act. b) D must have control over what he is doing. c) There must be force and contact. Collins v Wilcock [1984] All ER 374 Wilson v Pringle [1987] QB 237. In Re F (Mental …show more content…
2. Physical force is not necessary. Meering v Graham - White Aviation Co 122 LT 44 3. The area of confinement may be very large. 4. Restraint must be complete. Bird v Jones (1845) 7 QB 742; 9 Jur 87; 66 RR 564. 5. If a person has the means of escape, but does not know it, it is submitted by Winfield that his detention is nevertheless false imprisonment unless any reasonable man would have realised that he had an available outlet. 6. Act must be direct. 7. There must normally be a positive act rather than an omission. Herd v Weardale Steel, Coke and Coal Co [1915] AC 67; 111 LT 660. Knowledge of C Herring v Boyle (1834) 1 CM&R; 6 Car&P; 4 Tyr 801; 3 LJ Ex 344 cf Meering v Grahame - White Aviation Co (Supra) Murray v Minister of Defence [1985] 1 WLR 692 No proof of actual damage is necessary. INTENTIONAL PHYSICAL HARM OTHER THAN TRESPASS TO THE PERSON: The Rule in Wilkinson v Downton An act wilfully done which is calculated to cause, and does cause, physical harm to a person is a tort, although it may not be trespass to the person or other specific tort. This principle was laid down by WRIGHT, J. in Wilkinson v Downton [1897] 2 QB 57; 76 LT 493. Upheld by C.A in Janvier v Sweeney [1919] 2 KB 316; 121 LT 179. In Wainwright v Home Office [2002] 3 WLR all three judges in CA held the view that either actual intention or objective recklessness would
Philip J. Cooper v. Charles Austin 837 S. W. 2d 606 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1992)
In order to state a claim for IIED, a plaintiff must allege “intentional or reckless” conduct. Lasater, 194 Md. App. at 448. “To meet the ‘intentional or reckless’ criterion of the first element, the plaintiff must allege and prove that the defendant either desired to inflict severe emotional distress, knew that such distress was certain or substantially certain to result from his conduct, or acted recklessly in deliberate disregard of a high degree of probability that the emotional distress will follow. Floor, 78 Md. App. at 175 (emphases in original); see also Restatement (Second) of Torts § 8A (““Intentional” when used in this context means “the actor desires to cause consequences of his act, or that he believes that the consequences are substantially certain to result from it.”); Restatement (Second) of Torts § 500 (“If he does an act or intentionally fails to do an act which it is his duty to the other to do, knowing or having reason to know of facts which would lead a reasonable man to realize, not only that his conduct creates an unreasonable risk of physical harm to another, but also that such risk is substantially greater than that which is necessary to make his conduct
be described. Jurisdictional requirements for this case as well as the reasons why it was heard at
What it does take to constitute an assault is an unlawful attempt to commit a battery
An assault is: An unlawful attempt, coupled with apparent ability, to commit a violent injury on the person of another; or An intentional, unlawful threat by word or act to do violence to the person of another, coupled with an apparent ability to do so, and doing some act which creates a well-founded fear in such other person that such violence is imminent.
The cutting of brake cables by Willow may be treated as recklessness. In Cunningham , the court held that maliciousness means
Appellant contends that the district court erred in convicting her under the malicious-punishment statue as well as in ruling that the statute does not require proof of bodily harm. Accordingly, if proof of bodily harm is not required for conviction of malicious punishment, the statute is unconstitutionally vague.
Or simply called, assault is the attempt to commit battery or do bodily harm. This is an act that is made to create fear of injury on a victim. You might be wondering if an actual physical contact is needed to find that a person is guilty of the crime – misdemeanor assault; the fact is, you don’t need to.
This is law comes from section nine of the Sudden Offences Act nineteen sixty six. The Wilful destruction of property is regularly mentioned to as vandalism. It also includes behaviour such as breaking windows, putting holes in tires, graffiti, and destroying a computer system through the use of a computer virus. Destruction is a malicious act and may reflect personal ill will, although the perpetrators need not know their victim to accuse someone of vandalism.
Sexual assault : noun, illegal sexual contact that usually involves force upon a person who is inca0able of giving consent.
Assault is a physical attack. Battery is the physical act that results in harmful or offensive contact with another person without that personal is consent.
In Australia, assault is a criminal offense and it is the beginning of recognizing how an attack is characterized by the different criminal codes is Queensland 's definition. The Criminal Code in s 245 characterizes assault as the A man who strikes, touches, or moves, or generally applies power of any sort to, the individual of
This essay is going to look at the five situations where the trespass should be applied. The first one is whether Dobby is liable for trespassing to Draco’s factory site by using it for hand car-cleaning services even knowing that Draco is aware that it is being used. However there is no consent to do so. The second issue is whether Harry is trespassing the airspace of Draco’s property by flying a huge helium balloon several hundred feet above the park and by drifts in the wind it time to time passes over Draco’s land. The third issue is if Draco is liable for trespass to person when he throws Dobby into street. The fourth one arises when Harry tells Draco to ‘Piss off’ and the final the fifth issue is if Harry trespassed to person by
“You and your friends have been charged with trespassing. Explain yourselves,” said the Supreme Ruler. I couldn't believe it. Trespassing, trespassing I am now certain he was responsible for his death. “Me and my friends where looking for someone. We were told if there were answers we would find it here,” I said trying not to let him no I was on to him. Everyone in the court was screaming. The Supreme Ruler stood up and everyone stopped shouting, so he sat back down. “I will give you twenty four hours to prove your innocence, I want to test your statement. If the test is conclusive I will let you live. If you are lying. If you are not who you claim to be, I will see that you die right where you stand. Twenty
There are two ways to commit a common assault, this is via Assault or Battery. Both of these fall under common law, therefore there is no official definition