Lbw Essay

Dogs are known to have over 200 moveable or semi-movable joints in their body, and they must have comfortably freely moving joints throughout their life. Dr. Steve Allday, equine veterinarian specializing in lameness and sports medicine was the first developer of LubriSynHA. Dr. Allday’s idea was to keep synovial fluid healthy by protecting it from normal wear and tear by providing what he called “around-the-clock support of joint fluid.” Synovial fluid, or more commonly known as synovia is a fluid found in the cavities of synovia joints. Their purpose is to reduce the amount of friction between the surfaces of bones.

Introduction: A lot has been said about the relation between maternal smoking and infant mortality in the recent past. According to a report from CDC, the infant mortality rate for 2013 was 5.96 infant deaths per 1000 live births. Sudden infant death syndrome was found to be the 4th leading cause of infant mortality (Kochanek, Xu, Murphy, Miniño, & Kung, 2011). Maternal cigarette smoking is an

Over the years, statistics show that smoking cigarettes can cause many serious health issues. These issues compound when the smoker is expecting. Fourteen percent of U.S. mothers smoke while pregnant despite knowing the fact that smoking causes harm to both mother and child. In younger mothers, age 25 and under, that number rises significantly to 20 percent. If a woman smokes then becomes pregnant, she must decide whether or not to quit. Woman are aware that cigarettes are not good for them or their baby, but do they understand the severity of smoking while carrying their unborn child in their womb? In this paper I will evaluate how women who smoke while pregnant are at high risk for early miscarriage, preterm birth, and birth defects. Is smoking a cigarette worth risking the life of your unborn child?

Although, a majority of smokers are aware of the negative health implications of smoking, they continue the lifestyle. These women do not want to deal with the physiological, psychological, and emotional changes of smoking cessation. Some mothers may not smoke during pregnancy but may pick up the habit after pregnancy, which is detrimental to the health of their child. Second-hand smoking, also known as passive smoking, causes cardiovascular disease, pneumonia, sudden infant death syndrome, and asthma (CDC, 2014). Since 1964, there have been 2.5 million deaths that were a result of secondhand smoke (CDC, 2014). According to the American Cancer Society (2015), passive smokers are exposed to far more chemicals and toxins than the primary smoker due to the cigarette filter that only the primary smoker benefits from (American Cancer Society, 2015). This individual will be screened out of the MIST program until she has made the

Exposure to second hand smoke, also called involuntary smoking, occurs when non-smokers breathe in the cigarette smoke from others around them. Second hand smoke is harmful to both pregnant women and infants (NTP). Paternal smoking reduces birth weight by about 2 oz. (Berger 115). After birth, babies exposed to cigarette smoke may experience more colds, lung problems, and even ear infections.

Cigarette smoking increases a wide range of issues, with prematurity (20-30%) and low birth weight (which doubles) being the most probable. The first trimester is considered a critical time for growth as the fetus is beginning to develop organs. If a woman smokes only in her trimester and then quits, she has put her fetus at risk of developing a birth defect. Also, the second and third trimesters are important as well due to the fact that neurological defects result if a woman is smoking

The article I have chosen ‘Children of Smokers Face Higher Heart Risk’ talks about the risks smoking poses for the children. Children who grew up in smoke filled environments developed thicker artery walls than normal regular children. This Pregnant mothers who go on smoking during pregnancy are also putting their children’s health at risk.

The study found that the birthweight difference of the control and experimental groups were not different and therefore tobacco exposure did not alter the birthweight of neonates. However, there is a dose dependent difference in the birth weights of those who were exposed to tobacco. Each additional cigarette during the 3rd trimester resulted in a 11.55g decrease in birth weight. This kind of trend was also examined in the neonates length and head size. Tobacco exposed neonates had, on average, lower attention scores at 2

smoking during pregnancy affects fetal brain development and the development in all. Even though there has been an increase in the knowledge about the harmful effects of smoking during pregnancy there is still a significantly large number of pregnant woman that continue to smoke even after they know what can and will happen to their baby. Between 5% and 26% of woman in the United States continues to smoke during pregnancy. These woman are more likely to be single, young and have not had a previous pregnancy and have a low socioeconomic status

When oxygenation is altered, such as in asthma, the body’s tissues and organs are at risk for not receiving adequate oxygen. In asthma, the airways are in a constant state of inflammation and triggers cause further inflammation that leads to airway swelling and narrowing (Trakalo, 2015). Hypoxemia can result from an acute asthma attack when adequate oxygen is not delivered to the blood (Trakalo, 2015). Per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention statistics on tobacco use and pregnancy (n.d.), 10% of pregnant women say they smoked in the last 3 months of pregnancy.  Smoking during pregnancy not only puts the mom at risk for complications but can also increase the child’s risk of developing certain diseases later in life ("Tobacco use and pregnancy," n.d.). To decrease the incidence of childhood asthma, it is critical to study the relationship between maternal smoking during pregnancy and the child’s development of asthma later in life. Some research has concluded that in utero and prenatal secondhand smoke exposure is directly associated with an increased risk of a child developing asthma later in life up to adolescence (Thacher et al., 2014). It is essential to further study within the population of pregnant mothers (P), does a mother who smokes during pregnancy versus a mother who does not smoke during pregnancy put a child at greater risk for

This population-based retrospective cohort study showed association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and low birth weight. The maternal age (25 years and younger) and (35 years and older) was significantly associated with LBW in our study and also similar findings were showed by Zheng et al. We found that the quantity of cigarettes smoked per day had a dose-dependent effect, whereby the infants of mothers who reported smoking more than 15 cigarettes a day during their pregnancy had more LBW babies than those whose mothers smoked fewer than 15 cigarettes a day, in both crude and adjusted analysis. This finding was similar with findings in study by Langley et al. Smoking during pregnancy has a negative effect because the nicotine and carbon monoxide in the blood of a pregnant woman can decrease the blood flow to

We tested the hypothesis that a single session of EA would be enough to reduce pain and improve disability in individuals with LBP temporarily. The results partially confirmed the hypothesis. While a single session of EA was effective to reduce pain intensity momentarily, one session of EA did not improve disability. Furthermore, some patients did not have pain reduction after one session of EA, but after three weeks of treatment experienced reduced pain intensity and improved functional capacity.

Some research suggests, an increased risk to innocent non-smokers in the following types of cancers. An increased number of lung cancer, breast cancer, nasal sinus cavity cancer, and brain tumors in children have all been linked to exposure. Based on The National Cancer Institute’s (2011) findings, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S. National Toxicology Program, the U.S. Surgeon General, and the International Agency for Research on Cancer have all classified secondhand smoke as a known human carcinogen (a cancer-causing agent). As a result of exposure, research has shown, a nonsmoker living with someone who smokes has a 20-30% increased chance of developing one of these types of cancers in their lifetime (National cancer institute, 2011). However, even short term contact with secondhand smoke can damage cells in ways that set the cancer process in

PMWs often undertake professional development programmes provided by the three leading medical writers professional organisations, the American Medical Writing Association (AMWA), the European Medical Writing Association (EMWA), and the ISMPP to be regularly updated in this regard (Bissau, 2015).

Secondhand smoke causes numerous health problems in infants and children, including more frequent and severe asthma attacks, respiratory infections, ear infections, and sudden infant death syndrome (WHO).The evidence from these jurisdictions consistently demonstrates not only that smoke free environments are enforceable, but popular and became more so following implementation. These laws have no negative impact and often had positive one. It produces an immediate