purpose is to build a rat maze and find out how hunger motivation affects a rat’s memory and spatial reasoning. By learning more about what drives a rat’s actions we could in turn learn more about humans and what motivates them. Understanding why animals are motivated to complete a task can shed light onto reasons why animals behave the way they do and why animals chose to repeat a behavior. Background Information: For our experiment, we will be testing if motivation from hunger affects the memory
Reinforcement Schedules and One-Trial Learning Option 2:Psychology Literature Review Psych 635 06/15/2015 Environmental and Evolutionary Teaching new tasks to organisms can be a difficult process for any individual to undertake. Psychologists, parents, teachers, and a wealth of other individuals attempt to teach new tasks through a variety of methods such as by shaping the new desired task, through reinforcement of it, or even through one-trail learning. The different methods that are used
are classical conditioning and operant learning as explained by B.F Skinner and. Ivan Pavlov .In classical conditioning, there are responses, usually involuntary which are as a result of experiences which occur before the response in question. This conditioning occurs when one learns to associate two different stimuli. Operant conditioning, on the other hand, changes in behavior which result from experiences which occur after the said response result in learning. This involves changes in voluntary
Spatial learning and memory are very important to humans in their everyday life. It helps them remember where they parked their car, how to get from home to work, or how to get to the hospital in an emergency. It was a difficult topic to study until Richard Morris created the Morris water maze in 1981. Since then, it has become simpler to observe not only rats, but also human’s spatial learning and memory. There have been a lot of studies on spatial learning and memory and how to enhance it or what
effects on learning and memory. Certain spatial learning memory tasks such as water maze performance may be impaired due to the exposure of stress. Morris water maze is a procedure Acute stress is a form of short term stress that causes
of kyneuric acid in their brains, and because of this they believed that their learning capabilities may be hindered. To test the connection between kyneuric and cognition, a scientist named Dr. Pocivasek used rats as test subjects. She, along with some collegues, took rats with high levels of kynurenic acid and those with low and compared the results. First they recorded how long and well both the rats slept. The rats
Understanding Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 from an Epidemiological, Animal Model, Cognitive and Neurological Perspective ***Look for MORAN, L 2014 Paper*** Human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) is characterized by secondary infections, cognitive and behavioral impairments, and neurological impairments (Reid et al. 2001; Vigorito et al. 2007; Lashomb et al. 2009; Moran et al. 2014; Bertrand et al. 2014; Roscoe et al. 2014). In 1996, the development of combination antiretroviral therapy (CART)
Two scholarly articles compared the different effects maternal behavior can have on mother rats later on in their lifetime. A maternal behavior can be defined as an act of love and caring toward one’s young (2012). Memory, and the rats’ ability to learn a response were tested through two different experiments. Learning was tested by a classical conditioning approach. Classical condition was first discovered by Ivan Pavlov. The overall concept of classical conditioning is when a response is elicited
are concerned about how animals acquire and find information. Since acquiring and acting on spatial information appears to have computational requirements from learning to predict temporal sequences of events, we might expect to find adaptively specialized, domain-specific mechanisms of spatial learning and/or
take a rat for example, they are extremely intelligent and are capable of learning quickly. All throughout this paper, I will talk about what tools to use and how to train dogs, cats ferrets, rats, and even Monkeys. Most animals that we are able to have as a pet are trainable but not all. With training a dog, It can be easy as long as the trainer trains the trick correctly or in a way that the dog will understand. When they are pups, it is easy for them to learn the social skills they need from their