Lithotripsy Research Paper

Kidney Stone has been developing amongst individuals in the most recent 30 years and the purpose behind it is still obscure. A large number of individuals every year have issues with kidney stones, and there isn't a genuine cure to dissolving the kidney stone. Specialists can't do much other than instruct them to keep hydrated and give them torment relievers; if nothing works they need to do surgery. On the other hand, there are a considerable measure of theories in regards to home cures including kidney stones. Specialists need help to check whether some home cures will really cure it. Scientists

You lie on a water-filled cushion, and the surgeon uses X-rays or ultrasound tests to precisely locate the stone. High-energy sound waves pass through your body without injuring it and break the stone into small pieces. These small pieces move through the urinary tract and out of the body more easily than a large stone.

In past 30 years the management of urolithiasis has undergone dramatic change. This change has been due to development of newer technique for treatment of urolithiasis which included development of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), Semirigid and later flexible ureteroscopy, Shock wave lithotripsy (SWL).Over the period of past 30 years the technology in above modalities underwent further refinement and expertise in using these endourological interventions in management of stones increased exponentially. At the same time the use of open surgical approach for management of urolithiasis decreased and naturally the expertise of open surgeries for management of urolithiasis has also decreased. Newer generation of urologist is having lesser exposure to open surgical technique for urolithiasis. So today’s urologist are having higher threshold for these open approach.

This patient is a 44 year old female, who required inpatient hospitalization due right hydronephrosis. Prior to admission, she complained of right sided flank pain and burning sensation during urination. She went to another outpatient facility and was transferred to Mercy General Hospital for further evaluation and management. Her past medical history is significant for hypertension and polysubstance abuse. CT scans of the pelvis and abdomen was done as an outpatient, which revealed a right hydro ureteronephrosis with an obstructing 7.5 mm stone in the right ureteropelvic junction. Urologist was consulted and advised for cystoscopy, right retrograde pyelogram and right ureteral stent placement. Her vital signs showed a Blood Pressure of 145/84

Then the doctor will insert a speculum into your vagina in the same way as for a pelvic exam. An anesthesia will be used so you don’t feel that much pain. This will be given to you through a needle attached to a syringe. You are most likely going to feel a slight sting, then a dull ache or cramp. Then the loop is inserted into your vagina to the cervix. There are different sizes and shapes of the loops that the doctor will use. There is a small chance that you may feel faint during the procedure. If you do feel faint tell your doctor

7-9 Related complications such as migration, infection, pyelonephritis, breakage, encrustation, and stone formation are not uncommon.22,23 Placement of ureteric stents results in additional costs. Furthermore, unless a pull string is routinely used at the distal end of the stent, secondary cystoscopy is required to remove the stent, which has cost implications and the potential to add to the disruption of patients’lives.

Local anesthesia is the most important thing we can use to ensure your comfort. If a procedure may cause any discomfort at all, we numb the area using local anesthesia before we begin. This eliminates your ability to feel pain or discomfort during the procedure. It can also be adjusted throughout the procedure — so please let us know if you begin to regain feeling, and we will adjust the anesthesia to fit your needs.

A kidney stone may not bring about manifestations until it moves around inside your kidney or goes into your ureter. But,some side effects are Severe torment in the side and back, beneath the ribs, torment that spreads to the lower stomach area and crotch, torment that comes in waves and changes in power, torment on pee, pink, red or cocoa pee, overcast or putrid pee, queasiness and regurgitating, and steady need to urinate.

The morbidity of upper urinary tract calculi is primarily due to obstruction with its associated pain, although non obstructing calculi can still produce considerable discomfort. Conversely, patients with obstructing calculi may be asymptomatic, which is the usual scenario in patients who experience loss of renal function due to chronic untreated obstruction. Ureteral stones usually not causing acute complications. Stone-induced hematuria is frightening to the patient but is rarely dangerous by itself. Serious complications of upper urinary tract stone disease include the following (Table3)

If you were to ask anyone who has ever had a kidney stone what the typical symptoms of this condition are they would all most likely say the same thing: pain. Not just any kind of pain; glorious, agonizing and sometimes nearly life-changing amounts of pain that starts in the lower back and spreads around to the front of your abdomen and into the groin area. When the stone moves from the kidney into the ureter the pain then usually starts to come on waves of intensity. At this point there can also be blood in the urine. Other symptoms that can occur with the pain are nausea, vomiting, chills, and fever. It should also be noted that the amount of pain a person is in as a result of a kidney stone does not necessarily indicate how big the stone

Furthermore, kidney stone may not cause any symptoms until it moves within the kidney and or passes into your ureter, which also can be dreadfully painful when passing through. However, it does not cause any permanent damages. Some of the symptoms that you might experience are, severe pain in the side and back, pain below the ribs, pain that spreads to the lower abdomen and groin. The discomfort can come in multiple waves, fluctuate or be very intense. The pain may last for a brief or extended time. Some individuals experience nausea and vomiting with the pain.

     Luckily, after the excruciating occurrence, the stone usually doesn’t damage anything. Sometimes there comes a situation where the kidney stone either becomes too big or for some reason gets wedged in the urinary tract and the pain worsens. Also, the urine begins to get backed up, and the bladder and urinary tract begins to get infected. Thus, an operation must be performed. Originally, they were removed, either by slicing the bladder or kidney open, or by shoving an instrument up the ureter. Fortunately, through the miracles of technology, one does not necessarily have to go through this “invasive” treatment. Instead, there is a treatment that uses shockwaves to slice up the stone. This is called kidney stone lithotripsy. A large machine uses sound waves to break up the stone into small fragments that can be more easily passed through.

Since hematuria has no specific treatment, your health care provider will instead focus on dealing with the underlying problems. Antibiotics to clear the urinary tract infection, or a prescription medication to shrink the enlarged prostate, or shock wave therapy to break up bladder or kidney stones might be included.

Complete stone retrieval without fragmentation was achieved in 83.3% in group I and 82.2% in group II. Stone migrated proximally in 4 patients in group I and only 2 patients in group II in whom procedure ended by ureteral stenting. Mucosal injury was observed in 3 patients and 4 in groups I and II respectively. Thirty seven patients from group I reported that they were satisfied by the procedure and its outcome compared to 78 patients in group II.

Some may form stone due to higher calcium levels or more uric acid in bloods. You will suffer to pass the urine as the stone size increases.