M13 Virus

The biological significance of this article is due in part to the fact that viruses are being considered as partway-living things. Even though they are only halfway living, per se, they are still an important part of the study of living things because of the unique way in which they “live” and continue to reproduce by taking advantage of host cells. The information in this article relates to biologists in that viruses provide an entirely different element of potential life, as they are a cause for reconsideration when it comes to defining and determining life and non-life forms. This

Hand, foot, and mouth are parts of human body have the highest change to get contagious infection. There are many viruses but Enterovirus groups, (most common is the coxsackie virus) is the main factor. These viruses can spread through direct contact from person to person especially with those have bad habits such as: unusually washed hands or surfaces contaminated with feces. An infected person’s saliva, stool, or respiratory secretions can transmit the infection.

It is often argued whether viruses are living or not. Those who don’t believe that viruses are living generally base their opinion off of the fact that they do not follow the basic definition of “life”. They do not carry out life-sustaining functions on their own like normal organisms. On the other side of the argument, some believe that viruses are in fact, living beings, which is where I rest my opinion.

In the article, Virus killing Ontario lambs has troubling echoes of Zika, written by Jennifer Yang for The Star, we learn that there is an outbreak of Cache-Valley virus in Canada. The Cache-Valley virus has existed in Canada for a long period of time but new evidence shows that the virus could evolve into something similar to the Zika virus and effect humans too.

Sherin Cheriyan, majoring in Biology and on the Physician Assistant Track at Seton Hall University is a member of the Martin Luther King Jr. Scholarship Association, Class of 2019. A resident of Newington, Connecticut, she hopes to address racial stereotypes, gender discrimination, celebrate diversity, and help underprivileged communities through Martin Luther King Jr. Scholarship programs. The Magnum Opus she intends to publish is a program centered on younger children to bring awareness to stereotypes in society and the psychological effects of stereotypes on the victims of racism. The program will include academic workshops, including tests and role play to bring awareness to how conscious and unconscious racism can affect a person and their

After Howard Johnson managed to prove to anyone that his invention does work as promised and we could produce free electric energy, he became the center of the international attention. More so, the publication Science and Mechanics also featured him and his motor on the first page, for everyone to hear about this new

Scientists are sharpening their swords once again preparing for battle. This vehemence was in sued by new evidence favoring the underdogs of the last campaign, which took place in “1946” (dis. Rice). That hatchet has been buried for 70 years, only to be excavated and used in a global game of hot-potato. The cause of this contention and angst is a microscopic composition of proteins and enzymes. Though it may not seem like a controversial subject, highly intelligent minds are on both sides of the debate. They argue over the question “Is a virus a living or non-living?”

For example, viruses do not use energy and raw materials to grow and reproduce, and they are not made of one or more of the basic fundamental units of life – a cell. Compared to a cell, which includes organelles that enable the structure to grow and reproduce, a virus can only reproduce if another cell is present and that cell has organelles that the virus can inject its own DNA or RNA into and use it for its own replicating or mutating purposes. Viruses are made of a protein coat or capsid with its DNA or RNA genetic material enclosed inside of the capsid. In comparison, in addition to having organelles that use energy to help the cell develop, grow, and reproduce with the help of DNA, the cell by definition is enclosed in a membranous boundary,

A virus is a capsule containing genetic material, even smaller than bacteria. The main task of virus is to reproduce. However, viruses need a suitable host to

“This viral vector engineered by my former supervisor, Dr. Rod Stinguard, will indeed seal his personal legacy,” Surina continued. “Overnight, he has propelled his name to the top of the list of contenders for the Nobel Prize in Medicine. Using his formidable connections with the World Governing Body, Stinguard readily gained their approval to distribute the viral vector globally. However, since they only tested twenty healthy subjects with a short follow-up, they could have missed the possibility of mutations on a statistical basis. For this reason, they are phasing in the launch starting in Africa and later in other countries. Stinguard rushed this viral vector’s development, and it is far from being ready for distribution. I always

A new discovery that rivals the original idea that bacterial viruses only steal DNA from bacteria was found early this year in a virus called the “WO virus”, which carries the gene that codes for the poison of a black widow spider. The poison is named “latrotoxin”, which is a toxin that can break down a eukaryotes cell membrane. Researchers believe that the “WO virus pinched the gene for “latrotoxin” to be able to penetrate through animal cells. This article is very interesting because it shows how bacteria and virus evolve every day and adapt to new environments to survive.

Bacteriophages (or in short, Phages) are viruses that solely infect bacteria, in fact, each Phage can only infect a very specific type of bacteria in order to survive and replicate. like other viruses, Phages need a bacterial host in order to replicate their viral DNA , RNA etc… Phages are also named after the strain of bacteria which they infect eg: coli phages infect the bacteria E-coli. each Phage can vary in shape and size but they all contain Capsids (protein coats) which surround their viral nucleic acid. We have already looked at the structure of a bacteriophage, the T4 Phage, with it’s tail fibres and base plate which help it attach itself to bacteria. When a Phage is attached to it’s target, it will then insert a hollow tube where

¬ In just the first 5 years that Kuru was first diagnosed there were 1,00 deaths. ¬ This averages out to around 200 a year that were dying of this particular infectious disease. ¬ The residents of the Fore Linguistic group of the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea and their neighbors with whom they intermarried is where Kuru was present. ¬ This disease is transmitted orally.

Gold claims the cell line brought revolutionary changes (as well as havoc) into the field of cancer virus research. Viruses could be now seeded onto glass tubes containing sheets of live cells; and for the first time, virologists could directly observe the effects of viral infection on living cells.

The protective capsid helps the virus escape detection and destruction during the invasion of the host. When the virus reaches the target cell, biochemical reactions between the capsid and cell wall allow the virus to latch on and inject its genome into the cell’s interior. Once inside, the viral genetic material insinuates itself into the host’s DNA or RNA. In an efficient feat of natural bioengineering, the host cell’s genetic machinery now does the rest of the work for the virus. The cell, which had already been making copies of its own genome, now also replicates that of the virus. Coded within the viral material is the blueprint for making more copies of the viral genome. Further instructions command the production of capsids and directions for assembly of new viruses. After the host cell becomes engorged with viruses, it explodes, sending the new