Magna Carta In The 18th Century

In England, King John was restricting the citizens’ rights, consequently the nobles rebelled against King John. In 1215 AD, the nobles forced King John to sign a document called the “Magna Carta” (or “Great Charter” in English). The Magna Carta tried to enforce the concepts of rule of law, trial by jury, and limited government. Due process is a fair trial by your peers and a speedy trial, which makes it less likely for an unjust trial. This concept is reflected in the United States Constitution: Clause 39 of the Manga Carta states, “No free man is to be arrested, or imprisoned, or disseised, or outlawed, or exiled, or in any other way ruined, nor will we go against him or send against him, except by the lawful judgment of his peers or by the law of the land.” The Manga Carta is saying that you need to have a trial by jury. Article 2, Section 3 of the United States Constitution, the document that formed the American government, states: “The Trial of all Crimes; except in Cases of Impeachment, shall be by Jury.” The Constitution was denoting that a citizen has the right to a trial by jury, parallel to the Manga Carta. A trial by jury is an important concept in a government, because it allows people to be tried justly. If

This essay will introduce two competing perspectives of policing, they are the orthodox and revisionist perspectives. This essay will then relate the orthodox and revisionist perspectives to the themes of lack of structure, industrialisation and finally hostility. It will then discuss whether the creation of the Metropolitan Police by Sir Robert Peel in 1829 was an effective solution to the changes within society as well as the challenges brought about through crime and disorder. The orthodox view is that the Metropolitan Police were, in fact, a rational decision made to adapt to the needs of the society. They argue that the establishment of the ‘new’ police was inevitable. The revisionist view would state that the ‘new’ police were not a rational decision. They believed that crime and disorder were not increasing, it was just that the ways of counting crime were largely different to previously. The revisionists also believe that the new system was in part beneficial for which to tackle issues that may have occasioned due to the new ‘dangerous class’ (Monkkonen, 1981, p147). In this essay, there will be reference made to the Brixton Riots in 1981 with a clear explanation as to how the orthodox and revisionist perspectives relate to modern policing activities.

The Magna Carta By about 1200 the power of the English king had started to worry some nobles. They feared that kings would abuse their powers and take away the nobles’ rights. Their concerns reached a crisis under King John in 1215. Eventually, the nobles forced John to accept a document outlining their rights. Magna Carta is known as a document that simply defined the relationship between lord and vassal.

1919 - The states ratified the 18th Amendment, barring the manufacture, sale or transport of intoxicating beverages. Congress passed the Volstead Act, which gave the Commissioner of Internal Revenue the primary responsibility for enforcement of Prohibition (Internal Revenue Service, 2013)

This paper discusses one of the most significant events of the 1920s and 1930s that still affects life to this day, the prohibition. Throughout the modern American, who may be interested in the prohibition and why organized crime was so powerful, discover just that as well as why the prohibition was implemented, who had the most influence, how people viewed one another at the time, and the factors that lead to the prohibitions lack of success. It was a time of struggle between law enforcement, organized crime and the citizens caught in-between. Overall the main question the collective research intends to answer is “who held all the power, the police, organized crime, or the citizens and how did that shape the prohibition?” The answer to the question will be discovered through research and facts. Topics such as motivations behind the prohibition, police efficacy, citizen involvement, organized crime, the morals of America, and multiple views on the prohibition will be covered in hopes to fully understand what the prohibition was and the roles specific groups had in the outcome.

The Eighteenth Amendment made alcohol illegal. However, this amendment was not being forced. So congress put out a law, called the Volstead Act, to allow law enforcement to use force to enforce the eighteenth amendment.

Imagine that you’re having a gathering or party. Everything is ready to go and then you remember that the 18th amendment prohibits you from buying liquor/alcohol. The party was supposed to be a blast, but how can you have a blast without alcohol or liquor. Prohibition was the 18th amendment. It stated that it was illegal to manufacture, transport, and sell alcoholic beverages in the United States. The Volstead Act added to the 18th amendment almost 9 months after. It added that when the 18th amendment went to affect, it was against the law to barter, import, export, deliver, furnish, or posses intoxicating liquor. Of course, drinking/usage was also banned, except for authorized purposes. Then it was repealed. It was the first, and only amendment in U.S history to be revoked.

The Magna Carta laid down the foundation for democracy because it was the beginning of

Congress provided states with a period of seven years in which to ratify the amendment, the approval took just over a year. The government now found itself with a bigger problem than prohibition of alcoholic beverages. As the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and police worked to control and end mob (organized crime) violence, and as the country suffered through the early years of the Great Depression, lawmakers in Washington reconsidered the amendment. On February 20, 1933, the U.S. Congress proposed that the Eighteenth Amendment be repealed. Approved by the states in December of that year, the Twenty-First Amendment declared the Eighteenth Amendment null. The manufacture, transportation, and consumption of alcoholic beverages was again legal in the United States; this ended the 13-year period of Prohibition. Franklin D Roosevelt, president at the time of repeal, called Prohibition a "noble

“The act gets its name from Andrew Volstead, who was chairman of the House Judiciary Committee that engineered the passage of the National Prohibition Act.”(Wallenfelt 14) “The act then was conceived by Anti-Saloon League leader Wayne Wheeler and passed over the veto of Pres. Woodrow Wilson.” (Wallenfelt 13). Neither he Volstead Act and the Eighteenth Amendment were successfully enforced. Illegal economies such as bootlegging, speakeasies, and distilling operations flourished.

There were several events that influenced and inspired the colonists’ ways of composing a central government. For instance, the Magna Carta was a document that was the base of British justice and law. The Magna Carta achieves justice and law by declaring that the king and government officials were required to follow the same laws as British citizens. This idea inspired the U.S Bill of Right which brought new insight to an end of unchecked powers and protected elites. Similar to the Magna Carta was the constitutional document called the Petition of Right of 1628. The petition of Right of 1628 include the law that the a king could not raise taxes without consent from Parliament, quartering of soldiers was not required, and the right to habeas

The Volstead Act was passed along with the Prohibition Act and further abolished liquor which did the exact opposite, intensify the degree of criminality. Sinclair claims that “Although no one was forbidden to buy or drink intoxicating liquor, the Volstead Act, passed by Congress to enforce the Eighteenth Amendment, tried to prevent the illegal trade in liquor” (Sinclair). The Volstead Act also known as the National Prohibition Act promoted the banishment of alcohol trade which was the spring of their finances. This act eventually failed because people were utterly against this prohibition of alcohol and engaged in illegal criminal activity. BBC stated that “It was difficult to enforce the Volstead Act. As gangsters started selling alcohol,

Both the federal and local government had difficulties in enforcing Prohibition over the course of the 1920’s. Enforcement was originally assigned to the IRS. Later it had been transferred to the justice Department. Prohibition was enforced much more strongly in areas where the population had more sympathy towards the legislation. The illegal manufacturing and sale of liquor went on throughout the decade. As well as operations of speakeasies, smuggling alcohol across state lines, and informal production of liquor in private homes.

The signing of the Magna Carta changed laws and politics as soon as it was signed by King John I. King John I wasn’t inclined to sign the document at first but soon enough the Barons forced him to sign it. There were sixty-three clauses in the document which were drawn up by the barons, the bishops and the merchants. Three of these clauses showed the first steps towards people’s freedom as these clauses protected people’s rights and made sure that the King wasn’t even above the law. The impact that it had on Europe was that it changed the way people thought about politics and the way that they could live their lives. The clauses in the document meant that people had rights and that no one was more important that another. The signing of the

The Volstead Act was the prohibition act and was passed on July 22, 1919. Even though many people disagreed with the Volstead Act, it was still passed. It was passed because Americans started to be concerned about the effects of drinking alcohol. For example, “Would stop husbands from spending all the family income on alcohol and prevent accidents in the workplace caused by workers who drank during lunch” (Rosenberg, 2017). This was one of the main reasons why the Volstead Act was passed, women hoped that their husbands would stop spending all their money on alcohol instead of spending it on something important like their family. Also, they were many accidents in factories because men would drink during their break, so they weren’t sober and that caused many accidents. Another reason was because when men were drunk sometimes they would hit their wives and children. Many people were against the Volstead Act, however many people were in favor of the Volstead Act, especially women. For instance, “Women played a strong role in the temperance movement, as alcohol was seen as a destructive force in families and marriages” (history.com). This explains that the main reason for women to be against alcohol was that they saw as if it was the main reason that their