Marriott Corporation: the Cost of Capital Essay

Then we can use the following formula to calculate the WACC. The cost of debt is taken to be on an after tax basis to further to account for the depreciation tax shield.

Cost of Debt. In Item 8 of Boston Beer’s 2014 10k, the interest rate of the company’s only note is fixed at an annual rate of 4.25%. We take this rate as the cost of debt (Boston Beer Co. Inc.).

The 8 percent pre-tax estimate is the nominal cost of debt. Because the firm's debt has semiannual coupons, its effective annual cost rate is 8.16 percent

WACC= (%of debt) (after-tax cost of debt) + (% of preferred stock)(Cost of preferred stock) + (% of common equity) (Cost of common equity)

Question (b) 3.5 marks (1) Prepaid rent: Opening balance as at 1 January 2012 was $1,000; rent payment during the financial year amounted to $5,000; and ending balance as at 31 December 2012 was $2,000. Income tax rate was 30 per cent.

According to the article, “[i]n 1987, Marriott’s sales grew by 24% and its return on equity stood at 22%. Sales and earnings per share had doubled over the previous four years, and the operating strategy was aimed at continuing this trend” (HBR, 9-298-101, p.1). The article also noted that the company intends to “…aggressively develop opportunities within [their] chosen line of business” (HBR, 9-298-101, p.1). Currently, Marriott’s four components of their financial strategy are:

Answer: WACC covers computation of SIVMED’s cost of capital in which each category of capital is proportionately weighted. All capital basis - common stock, preferred stock, bonds or any other long-term borrowings – should be listed under SIVMED’s WACC. We determine WACC by multiplying the cost of the corresponding capital component by its proportional weight and then adding: where: Re is a cost of equity Rd is a cost of debt E is a market value of the firm's equity D is a market value of the firm's debt V equals E + D E/V is a proportion of financing that is equity

The idea of repurchasing shares was no stranger to Bill Marriott by January 1980. Almost five million shares of common stock had been repurchased on the open market by Marriott Corporation during 1979 at a total cost of $74 million and an average price of $15.16 in the belief that they were undervalued—a belief that still was not fully reflected in the market price. At $19 5/8, the stock was selling at only six times cash flow per share; and its price/earnings ratio of nine was a far cry from historical multiples as high as fifty times as recently as 1973. Its low price seemed to offer once again an obvious opportunity to benefit shareholders. However,

The tax rate is estimated from case Exhibit 2 as Income Taxes ($496 million) divided by Earnings Before Taxes, Non-controlling Interest and Goodwill Amortization ($990 million). Note that, in 2001, interest on the company’s total debt is approximately 3.8%: $317 million of interest / $8,361 million of debt. However, this calculation is misleading since the 2000 debt is much larger than the 1999 debt of $2,270 (not in the case). You should ask yourself…should you use current yields or historical yields when calculating the cost of debt? Current yield figures should be used because Telus is considering

Cost of Debt – To find the cost of debt, we use the details of the bonds issued by Rollins Instruments.

Next, the terminal value at year ten was calculated. The following formula was used to do so: terminal value at year 10 = (FCF at year 11)/(WACC - g). This time we used the long-term growth rate of 7up, which was given by the case as 1% less than the industry rate. This resulted in a terminal value of $848M with its present value calculation being $231M.

As Market risk premium I take the “Spread between S& P 500 Composite Returns and Long-Term U.S. Government Bond Returns 1926-1987” from Exhibit 5 as appropriate value.

Moving forward, we must calculate the cost of debt. The cost of debt is the rate that a company pays on its current liability. This can be calculated before or after tax. For the purpose of this paper, the cost of debt will be determined by the type of long term rating the company has. According to Moody’s (n.d.), Molson Coors’ is Baa2 (as shown in the chart below) as of April 26, 2012.

Government interest rates from Table B, 8.72%. The 10 year rate was chosen to be consistent with time lengths. Then the value for equity, debt and the firm need to be calculated, this is a simple step. The market price of the shares is multiplied by the number of outstanding shares to find the value of equity and the book value of long term debt is used for the value of debt and the value of both equity and debt are added together to come up with the value of the firm. The weight of the equity and debt can now be calculated by dividing the value of equity or debt by the value of the company. Lastly, the tax rate was calculated by using the balance sheet, given in exhibit 1, to determine income taxes paid and dividing it by earnings before interest and taxes for each of the last ten years then by taking the average of the ten years tax rates.

None of the components of the cost of capital are directly observable and therefore need to be approximated using various models and assumptions. The cost of equity is derived from the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) while the cost of debt can be estimated from the firm credit rating and default risk or from yields on publicly traded debt. However interest on debt is tax deductible so if we were to discount free cash flows from operations using Ra we would not take into account the value of the tax shield. Therefore the after-tax weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is used instead. WACC includes an adjustment to the cost of debt by the marginal tax rate (Tm): WACC = Rd x (1-Tm) x D/V + Re x E/V (= Ra – Rd x Tm x D/V) WACC is less than the opportunity cost of capital Ra because the cost of debt is calculated after tax as Rd (1-Tm). Thus