Marshall-Pescini, And Prato-Previde: A Case Study Answers

Reason for the appeal was that the judge had failed to mention provocation to the jury

Albert’s baseline reactions to the stimuli were noted. He showed no fear when presented with a rat, a rabbit, a dog, a monkey, a mask with hair, or cotton wool. When Albert was 11 months old the experiments started.

Alper, L. S. (1993). The Child-Pet Bond. Progress in Self Psychology, 9, 257-270. Retrieved March 13, 2014, from the Progress in Self Psychology database.

That is the reason that anxiety medication can cause a cat to be less aggressive. The next thing that she explains is that cats aren't dumb. Then she explains that cats are very social animals because cats form a hierarchy with other cats. Temple Grandin then explains that researchers don't know why cats form this hierarchy because they don't fight each other for the “top cat” spot. She also explains that cats are super predators and will attack anything that resembles pray such as windscreen on a microphone. Then she starts to explain that cats will notice every little change such as a lamp moved and she says that cats learn a lot about their environment such as the example where she says that the cats will watch a “cat expert” escape from a box to learn how to do it. That is the reason she says cats can't get down from a tree because they probably learn that from their mothers and are taken away from their mothers before they learn that skill. She further backs this up because she state that only house cats get stuck in a tree not barn

Behavioural development in animals undergoing domestication is characterized by changes in the quantitative rather than qualitative nature of responses (Price, 1999). When being ridden McGreevy et al., (2009) found that horses may be that at their most dangerous (e.g., when bolting and bucking), ridden horses have simply reverted to responses within the predator model. This is interesting because it suggests that no matter how ethologically parallel in-hand work may be, a ridden horse can later revert to these counter–predator responses, seemingly confirming that ridden work may not be emphatically within, the horse’s ethogram. It could also suggest that whatever performance enhancing products are used, will the horse just revert back to these behaviours regardless. This shows that when the dialogue between horses and humans is consistent there is a positive correlation with relaxation and rapport. Inter-specific communication may help the horses overcome their fear and therefore reduce the tendency to use counter-predator responses. When the horse shows something of its own intention, it is often seen from a human perspective to be undermining the human-horse interaction. What horse people erroneously consider examples of reasoning in their horses, turn out to be excellent examples of trial-and-error

The author of “What Shamu Taught Me About a Happy Marriage,” gave me the impression she was a strange person. For starters, she used animal training techniques on her husband. Amy Sutherland was very innovative by trying this technique, but it was very strange and almost obtrusive by doing this. Although, this essay was insightful about the similarities between human and animal behavior. My intellectual curiosity about human behavior opposed to animal behavior skyrocketed after reading this section. Why do animals and human react the same after being put through training, unknowingly? What causes both species to act the same?

right there on the spot. Feste and Sir Andrew were the main supporters of Malvolio being mad

The child interpreted the sound of the hammer hitting the steel bar in coincidence with the visualization of the white rat. Even in nine months the child had been programmed by repeatedly hitting the bar and visual stimulation of contact with the white rat, had now become an unconditioned stimulus response by automatically changing physical and emotional outcomes from the child (Porter, B., 2013).

The hypothesis is that by breaking the norm and talking to an inanimate object as if it was a living thing, it would draw people’s attention. Concluded at the end of the experiment was that the hypothesis was supported. When a social norm is broken, it draws attention towards the person who breaks it.

For the second stage, a white rat was used as Watson’s CS, the CS must be a neutral stimulus that initially has no effect on the UR. Little Albert showed no phobia towards the rat before conditioning occurred. By pairing the US with the CS, the infant learned to associate the loud noise of the hammer and metal bar with the white rat. After strengthening the association between the US and the CS by repetition, Little Albert eventually became fearful and upset when only presented with the once neutral stimulus, the white rat. This response was the CR which marked the completion of step three. Little Albert was now afraid of the white rat because it triggered his fear of the loud noise. Classical conditioning can be used to prove many forms of behavior between subjects when looking at the the right unconditioned/ conditioned stimuli and unconditioned/ conditioned responses. The theory of classical conditioning can be used to explain the development of distrust and trust issues in the relationships between people.

Our one-minute small scale video records a series of the cat’s movement in one shot, starting from eating, to walking, then jumping and catching the ball of socks, finally walking back to eating. The reason why we took this video is to let viewers to pay more attention with their pets in daily life. We want to show that the cat wants to play with his master; however, he back to his food again. That is the point to make viewers to think. Why the cat still wants to eat, instead of playing with the master. During the busy working or studying life, we may only pay more attention with ourselves’ life, while ignore the pets. Actually, they need care. The video is only one minute. And it looks very simple. While, the meaning behind the video is to put the viewers a deep thinking. May it will change the viewers and spend more time with their lovely pets.

For her dissertation research, Akins looked at “the conditioned anticipatory responses of male quail during sexual behavior” (University of Kentucky, n.d.a). Akins’s main goal for her research is to understand the different learning

We started this experiment by conducting magazine training with Sniffy. The Magazine training technique was used in order for Sniffy to make the association between the sound of the food hopper with food. Every time Sniffy approached the food hopper a food pallet would be delivered through the pressing of the space bar. We waited until the Sound-Food bar association on the Operant Associations mind window reached 3/4’s of the way. This meant that the association between sound and food was strong enough to begin helping shape Sniffy’s behavior. This file was saved to be used later in the training of Sniffy to press the bar himself.

The driving force for any creature in any environment will be familiarity, which is proven particularly evident upon introducing anyone or any other species intelligent enough to learn from past behaviors and experiences. Within my observations partaken by a household ferret named Lulu, seeking and reassuring oneself of familiarity became the driving psychological force in which she made her decisions upon being placed in her new environment, an average household bedroom. Upon initially being brought into the room, Lulu portrayed very curious but expected behaviors, such as attempting to see if she had the ability to reopen the door, then gradually scanning the perimeter of the room to see the general layout and any odd curiosities that may present themselves, such as an oscillating fan that seemed to startle her a bit upon initial inspection. After Lulu’s initial

Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov had done experiments on dogs showing the conditioning process, but Watson was interested in taking Pavlov’s research to the next level and show that emotional reactions can be classically conditioned in people (Cherry, 2016). They used a nine-month-old baby boy and exposed him to a series of stimuli including a white rat, a rabbit, a monkey, masks and burning newspapers and watched the boys reaction, initially he showed no fear of the objects he was shown (Cherry, 2016). He then decided that he