Mechanical Ventilation

spontaneous patient who required maintain tidal volume, ready for wean, and patient who have asynchrony with ventilator. Every mode have advantages and disadvantages. Volume support guaranteed tidal volume with the less required pressure,

Another ethical implication is whether or not the patient will be able to be removed from the ventilator after being placed on it. Studies have shown that patients who are on ventilators for long periods of time become dependent on the ventilator and are unable to be removed from it. For some very ill patients, there is still a risk for ventilator dependence even if the intubation is for a short time. The patient may be at risk for having to be attached for a substantial period of time to the device that he explicitly refused, if he is ever able to come off of it (Purro er al., 2010).

Original research related to sedation management occurred in the year 2000 by Kress, Pohlman, O ' Connor, and Hall. Their findings served as a landmark study and initiated the impetus related to improving our sedation practices. According to Kress et al. (2000), daily interruption of sedation led to a decrease in the number of days on the ventilator in the intensive care unit. Several studies since this time have focused on the influence of sedation protocols, and outcomes. This paper will review the synthesis of the discovered studies and highlight the noted contraindications and inconsistencies. Also, explanations including a preliminary conclusion will be discussed.

ICU patients suffer from a broad range of pathologies, requiring MV, sedation and use of multiples devices, which do not allow patients to protect their airway (Augustyn. 2007; Kollef. 2004).

Terminal weaning is when mechanical ventilation is discontinued for a patient expected to die without its support (Knight & Espinosa, 2010). One of the most common methods of discontinuation is through slowly reducing the fraction of inspired oxygen (Knight & Espinosa, 2010). Terminal extubation is the removal of the endotracheal tube, and this can be done “during or after a terminal weaning process” (Knight & Espinosa, 2010, p. 527). Removal of life-supporting interventions is the cause of most deaths in critical care units (Knight & Espinosa, 2010). Knight and Espinosa (2010) discussed palliative sedation and terminal weaning in the same chapter because the two topics go together.

With the health care system changing so rapidly, it is important that nurses are autonomous. It is necessary, as patient advocates, that we understand the cause and effect of all entities involving our patients. Critical thinking and making the correct judgment call clinically is vital. A patient situation which comes to mind is an 86 year old female, weighing 50kg, Vital Signs: Blood Pressure: 80/50, Heart Rate: 102 (Sinus Tachycardia), Respirations:

Upon arriving at the scene, the advanced care paramedic would begin the primary survey. All dangers would be assessed, including environmental dangers, animals, agitated bystanders and any other alarming cues. Once all dangers have been assessed the ACPs begin investigating the patient’s responsiveness using the acronym AVPU (QLD.gov.au, 2016). An assessment of their alertness, verbal response, response to painful stimuli or unconsciousness is completed. Once assessed, the patient’s airway is then checked to be clear of any obstructions to ensure proper respiration can occur, at this point, the triple airway manoeuvre would be adjusted to only the opening of the mouth and the jaw thrust (QLD.gov.au, 2015). If the patient complains of neck and back tenderness, neurological deficit, evidence of intoxication or a distracting injury (QLD.gov.au, 2016. 2) spinal immobilisation is required to ensure no further damage to the spinal cord occurs or an aid to keep the patient as calm as possible if a distracting injury (Hodegetts et al., 2011). The patient's breathing should then be assessed now that the spine in immobilised to ensure the depth, rate and rhythm of the breaths are adequate. If needed an oropharyngeal airway may need to be inserted into the mouth to keep the tongue from blocking the airway if it is tolerated (Higginson et al,. 2013). Lastly, in the primary survey, the

This essay provides a written account of the holistic assessment used when admitting a patient onto a respiratory ward. A brief outline is also included of the processes involved together with the resources used for collating information. Using the Roper, Logan and Tierney activities of daily living (ADL’s), eating and drinking, has been identified as one goal of nursing care. A short reflection has also been included based on experiences gained on a first clinical placement on the ward. For the benefit of this essay the selected patient will be referred to as Mrs P in order to maintain confidentiality.

Respiratory therapists have one of the most exciting and gratifying careers within the medical field. Unfortunately as with any other job or career, it doesn’t come without having challenging times. Respiratory therapists work along-side physicians and are highly trained to treat patients with any sort of lung concern or breathing complications. This job requires hands on care, and deals with life and death daily. One specific scope of this field involves caring for patients (of all ages) attached to mechanical ventilation. It is the respiratory therapists’ responsibility to remove assistive ventilation to patients with written order from the doctor; which ultimately results in death of the patient (Keene, Samples, Masini, Byington).

Sometimes when a patient is on the more common form of mechanical ventilation for an extended time or if the patient has undergone respiratory failure, their respiratory muscles have a tendency to become weak. With the use of this biphasic cuirass ventilation method they can have the opportunity to build and strengthen those muscles which, in return, can allow them to be weaned from the ventilator

ation that I will be discussing is Airway Pressure Release Ventilation (APRV). I have not had an opportunity to use this mode, so I thought I would research it for this assignment. “The degree of ventilator support with APRV is determined by the duration of the two CPAP levels and the mechanically delivered tidal volume. Depends mainly on respiratory compliance and the difference between the CPAP levels. By design, changes in ventilatory demand do not alter the level of mechanical support during APRV. When spontaneous breathing is absent, APRV is not different from conventional pressure-controlled, time-cycled mechanical ventilation”( Putensen, C. )APRV is a form of improved pressure ventilation allowing unrestricted spontaneous breath at an

The nature of the study recommended in the paper was to assess the effects of protocolized weaning from mechanical ventilation on the total duration of mechanical ventilation for critically ill adults and ascertain differences between protocolized and non-protocolized weaning in terms of adverse events, mortality, quality of life, weaning duration, intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital length of stay (LOS) and explore the variation in outcomes by the type of ICU, type of protocol and approach to delivering the protocol.

The title clearly represents the main topic and population of the study – the changes that occur in medical care when a person is placed on a Do-Not-Resuscitate order and pediatric oncology patients. The abstract capably depicts the problem that is being addressed, the results from the study, and the implications of the study. The methods for gathering data are also included in the abstract. The abstract may benefit from including the limitations of this research study, specifically that this study focused on one hospital; therefore, the results may not be able to be generalized to other populations. Overall, the abstract is written well.

In this article, DiBlasi argues that the conventional method used to provide ventilatory support to preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome; nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is ineffective. The author bases the claim on the fact that almost half of the infants supported by this technique often develop respiratory failure that warrants invasive ventilatory support and endotracheal intubation that is injurious in nature. According to the author, invasive ventilatory procedures should be avoided to minimize the excessive complications that are usually associated with them.

Critically ill patients that require mechanical ventilation are at risk of developing secondary infections that may increase length of stay and possibly even morbidity. This fragile patient population requires special attention and meticulous adherence to established nursing standards of care. These standards of care are founded on evidenced based practices. It is important that nurses receive education about why these standards are in place and what consequences can result due to not following the established care protocols.