Art as Technique 1. Defamiliarization is stripping objects or subjects from their individual or “familiar” characteristics and giving them unusual or “unfamiliar” traits to allow the reader to see it in a whole new perspective. An example of this is in Tolstoy's defamiliarization of spanking, explaining the act as “to strip people who have broken the law, to hurl them to the floor, and to rap on their bottoms with switches.” The crude description removes the disciplinary context it had and creates a vicious and “savage” form of abuse. This continues with Tolstoy saying “Just why precisely this stupid, savage means of causing pain and not any other – why not prick the shoulders or any part of the body with needles, squeeze the hands …show more content…
Or maybe the author was condemning the emotionless proposals of actual politicians in the time period that only focused on the economic growth of the country instead of focusing on the ethical values that needed to be upheld. Either way, the author is critiquing the general lack of emotion towards the issue of Ireland. Politics and the English Language 1. When Orwell refers to dead metaphors, he means metaphors that have lost their authenticity and meaning, and has “…reverted to being an ordinary word and can generally be used without loss of vividness”, using iron resolution and fishing in troubled waters as examples. Original metaphors, ones that “evoke a visual image”, that he used to combat dying metaphors are “…more and more phrases being tacked together like the sections of a prefabricated hen-house” and “…an accumulation of stale phrases chokes him like tea leaves blocking a sink,”; successful at creating an original an authentic image in the reader's mind. 2. I agree that politics and economics are a factor of the change in language over time. Major events in history almost always dictate what is appropriate to say and what should be omitted in texts or even in spoken language. An example of this in the real world is the denial of the Armenian Genocide being enforced so strongly in Turkey that several books of the subject were banned, as well as creating the veto of the adoption of “Armenian
Each of the authors would disagree on how social change will impact the language within the United States, and whether or not people should encourage the change or try and stop it altogether. Each article however, does agree on the fact that language will always be an ever-changing part in
The speech, which was referred to as “Justice for Ireland” is a call for the longstanding anti-Catholic parliament to open itself to include properly elected Irish, who were predominantly Catholic. The impassioned speech may have been more well received if Mr. O’Connell had not been addressing the House of Commons with ad hominem attacks and had made use of other
The purpose of Orwell’s essay is to educate the reader to the decline of written English. He also means to expose politicians for manipulating the English language. Orwell writes during the time of the Communist Soviet Union, when dictators like Stalin had full political control over the government. In this time, Stalin and other corrupt leaders manipulated the people in order to gain more power. Orwell argues that politicians use worn-out metaphors with no meaning in order to confuse their audience. Orwell is trying to enlighten people about how politicians abuse people to get what they want, which is a crucial thing to understand in a
George Orwell’s essay, Politics and the English Language, first published in 1946, talks about some “bad habits”, which have driven the English language in the wrong direction, that is, away from communicating ideas. In his essay he quotes five passages, each from a different author, which embody the faults he is talking about. He lists dying metaphors, operators, pretentious diction, and meaningless words as things to look out for in your own writing and the writing of others (593-595). He talks about political uses of the English language. Our language has become ugly and the ugliness impedes upon communication. Ugly uses of language have been reinforced and passed down in the population “even among people who should and do know
Two particular types of figurative language known as similes and metaphor contribute to Orwell’s goal in creating the dark and grim atmosphere. By using similes and metaphors Orwell compares elements of the atmosphere to other dark or deep things creating the grim atmosphere used to depict the harm of totalitarian governments.
Words used by people in a society does not have a fix identity. Even if we go through various websites or dictionaries, we will encounter various interpretations of one particular word. A word exists by itself, it does not have an author or creator to prove that it only has specific meanings. This creates a space for people to manipulate words easily at any time. They just need to put in effort in how they intend to present the word to the public. With just having confidence in their speech and good evidence to back up their points, one can completely change the viewpoint of people towards the language used. At one point Orwell has stated that “ As soon as certain topics are raised, the concrete melts into the abstract and no one seems able to think of turns of speech that are not hackneyed….henhouse” (Orwell, 512). When we look back at this claim by Orwell, it shows how meanings of words are easily manipulated by just attaching it with other words to create a phrase. It completely changes the current definition and creates a new focus of what it means among the society. Orwell also states that “Some metaphors now current have been
Orwell creates a connotation between the negative aspects of slang to better illustrate his perspective on slang. By concluding that pretentious diction, meaningless words, and dying metaphors has a similar outcome in writing and made these types of slang have negative connotations in writing. Orwell does this by looking at the state of the English Language and points
George Orwell is the utmost influential figure in the debate concerning thought and power. Orwell does compose his concepts with some invaluable attributes about politics and excessive government. Although, Orwell does share some unique characteristics and thoughts that Frederick Douglass had as well, Douglass’s and Orwell's thoughts on the importance of language compare to each other quite nicely. Both authors believe that language is the ultimate way to infringe on an individual's life. By means of using their language to make themselves a considerable opponent compared to political leaders. The following are a few ideas of how Douglass and Orwell explain the more advanced thoughts of language, while at the same time be able to use simplistic language for mass audiences.
Before the famine in the mid-1800s, “many English politicians and social reformers began to think that Ireland was a nation in need of transformation, that it’s people now needed to be yanked into the modern world by tossing out the old Gaelic traditions” (The History Place-Before the Famine). The English reformers wanted to end Ireland’s “cycle” of poverty and misfortune because in the “1800s poverty was thought to be caused by bad moral character” (The History Place- Before the Famine). The English politicians and social reformers also wanted to change the laid-back lifestyle of the Irish peasants. “ They professed the virtues of hard work, thrift and self-reliance and regarded the Irish as totally lacking in these qualities, a point of view also shared by many British officials and politicians” (The History Place-Before the Famine).
In A Modest Proposal, Swift vents his mounting exacerbation at the incompetence of Ireland's government officials, the pietism of the affluent, the oppression of the English, and the lack of sanitization and debasement in which he sees such a variety of Irish individuals living. While A Modest Proposal moans about the dreary circumstance of an Ireland absolutely subject to England's misuse, it likewise communicates Swift's absolute sicken at the Irish individuals' appearing failure to activate all alone sake. Without pardoning any gathering, the paper demonstrates that the English as well as the Irish themselves- - and the Irish lawmakers as well as the masses- - are in charge of the country's disastrous state. His sympathy for the wretchedness of the Irish individuals is a serious one, and he incorporates a scrutinize of their ineptitude in managing their own particular issues.
A “dying metaphor” is an old, overused metaphor that everyone has heard. Orwell claims a metaphor like this has no
The history of Ireland is one of early scholasticism and rich culture in times when the rest of Europe had less of a literary and artistic tradition. By the time of Hyde’s speech, the nation had become “one of the least studious and most un-literary”3 countries of the area, and he claims that the fault lies in a divergence from “the right path.”4 Progressive Anglicization has led the Irish to forget their own culture and its traditions. The British claim that because the Irish have forgotten much of their language and customs, they should be content as an integral part of the United Kingdom, and
Orwell discusses general characteristics of bad writing into separate categories, including pretentious diction, dying metaphors, operators or verbal false limbs, and meaningless words. His purpose in the analysis is to show
This metaphor is “fresh” and able to be understood. Another example of a unique simile he uses is “It follows that any struggle against the abuse of language is a sentimental archaism, like preferring candles to electric light or hansom cabs to aeroplanes.”, this refers to the the English language and the adoption of imitation of bad usage. In his example the all of the former objects listing are outdated and obviously the latter is a much better version. By comparing this to the english language he is able to get across that it is best to use the better version, thus making the english language better. Both the simile and metaphor show Orwell following his rule. He uses a creative metaphor and simile to show compare and show the bad uses of the english language.
[PDF]Case Study: Transport Corporation of India Limitedsiteresources.worldbank.org/.../t...পাতাটিকে অনুবাদ করে দেখাও(TCI), as a major cargo transport company, recognized the importance ... The information in the TCI case study is based on personal interviews with TCI Foun- .... cess to medical records, it also supports analysis providing useful insights.