Table 1 provides descriptive statistics of independent and dependent variables used in our analysis. Median housing price of the Great Lake Megaregion is $164,447 and its monthly growth rate is 0.31% during 2013 June through 2016 May. The average value of planning time index is 3.01 and its monthly growth rate is 1.34%. Interest rate and mortgage rate are 0.79% and 4.03%, respectively. The average construction price index obtained from Census is 112.46. The average unemployment rate is 5.64. The number of household and the number of firm at the zip code level is 8,581 and 726, respectively. And their vacant rates are 3.32% and 9.58%. The average percentages of park and lake are about 2%.
4.2. Estimation results of Housing Price Model
Table 2 presents estimation results of our empirical model represented by equation (5). The first column shows estimation results only including housing prices and traffic congestion index without other control variables. The result presents that traffic congestion growth is negatively associated with growth in median housing prices. Such results are slightly changed when including control variables or fixed-effects terms, but almost consistent and robust as shown in the model (2) through model (6). Since different locations and different time influence growth in housing prices (see Figure 5, again), model (6) that include locational and time fixed-effects is the best fit to explain the relationship between congestion growth and housing price
Where there is darkness there is ultimately light and the various homeownership opportunities under the current economy reflect this notion. Real estate prices
In every aspect, Lewisville and Denton out paces Texas in most categories taken by the census. This is, again, due to the urban advantage that Denton and Lewisville receive. Urban areas can simply not compete with rural prices, which is a possible downside to the higher rent and home prices, but at what cost? With Dallas acting as the urban epicenter to Denton and Lewisville, Dallas brings more jobs, higher paying technical jobs, and an assortment of living options. These characteristics are beneficial to the area of north Texas when providing a large spectrum of variety, but with the downside of a higher price
The unemployment rate in the town of Miami Lakes is 6.60%. The job growth in Miami Lakes is expected grow in an estimated rate of 0.18%. The growth in jobs is expected to rise in the next ten years and is estimated to grow to the percentage of 33.80%. When the ten years are over the numbers should go down from 6.60 to a much less percentages which will help people economic wise. The growth in jobs will give people the opportunity to be employed and avoid to be in an economic
Leading up to my decision to come to Kansas state university, a place every kid in Kansas wants to come to, I finally decided it was the right university for myself after I got accepted in the spring of my senior semester in high school. After I started considering it farther, I realized that it was going to cost a lot of money to attend a four-year division one university. I immediately started looking for ways to try and save every dollar that I could, so I could graduate with less debt.
relates median house prices in the community (price) to a range of community characteristics: nox which is the amount of nitrous oxide in the air (a measure of air pollution), dist which is the average distance of the community from major employment centres, and rooms which is the average number of rooms in houses in the community. (i) What is the interpretation of the coefficient (31 ? (2 Marks) Based on a sample of 620 communities in a large city, the following estimation results were obtained: log (price) 13.08 - 0.454Iog(nox) - 0.121Iog(dist) (0.52) (0.317) (0.083)
In this study, I analyze how the economic restructuring affects income distribution in the gateway communities of the U.S. Lake States, relying on data from a number of different sources. Table 1 describes the data sources of public lands. In addition, various socioeconomic data are obtained from the 1990, 2000, and 2010 Decennial Census, and the 2005-2009 American Communities Survey (ACS). In order to measure income inequality for the study area, I use Gini coefficients based on sixteen income categories in each MCD during the periods.
Macroeconomics is an excellent tool for the analysis of the housing industry as something like a capital good, as a home is considered to be, cannot easily be studied in a short-term platform. Real estate is a good that costs several times more than an average persons annual income, in the United States that number is typically 7 times as much, and in the United Kingdom that number is 14 times as much. Several factors of both supply and demand directly impact the housing market on a macroeconomic scale. (Business Economics, 1)
Lastly, traffic causes noise and air pollution that make the city less attractive place to live. Since the traffic on the interstates create a large amount of noise, the price of homes near the interstate are reduced or become harder to attract homebuyers. Also, the amount of pollution created from automobiles on the road, contaminated the air that sometimes lead to heath problems over
Congestion and traffic pollution has been a major problem in New York City for years. There have been many laws, tolls, and fines implemented over the past few decades to try and fix the problem. Yet, congestion still exists. Congestion occurs when there is overcrowding on roadways that’s causes traffic jams. There are several reasons for the severity of this issue. Congestion causes a lot of delays in the city. It is unlikely that people are on time for anything, even if they planned ahead. With traffic in the city the way it is, you can’t blame them. The indirect effect of congestion is traffic pollution. Traffic pollution is polluting of the environment caused by harmful toxins and gases given released by cars. The amount of pollution
In “Not So Fast: A Study of Traffic Delays, Access, and Economic Activity in the San Francisco Bay Area”, the 2016 report sponsored by the California Department of Transportation, professor Brian Taylor, Taner Osman, Ph.D, and Trevor Thomas, Ph.D, from the University of California at Los Angeles, and Andrew Mondschein, Ph.D, from the University of Virginia write about their research of the traffic congestion problem in the San Francisco Bay Area. The Bay Area is the third most congested area in the U.S. right after Washington D.C. and Los Angeles. Slow-moving traffic not only wastes time, but also wastes fuel that can amount to billions of dollars. Local residents are skeptical about new developments because they believe that with more activity
Lake Oswego provides a solid overview of its current economic indicators and financial trends (City of Lake Oswego, 13). It also describes unmet infrastructure needs and its plan to maintain assets instead of taking on new projects in its Budget Message (City of Lake Oswego, 1-2). However, while short-term trends are addressed, a more direct connection could be made between these trends and their specific impacts on the budget. Furthermore, the budget did not address the city’s
In this report, the question “How much of the changes in the median selling price of homes in a city can be explained by the changes in median income of that city?” is answered. Home ownership is an important aspect of one’s life stages, and home prices are determined by demand and supply. The demand curve is affected by the one’s income, such that as one’s income increases, one is more willing to pay a higher price for the same quantity of goods (Baye & Prince, 2014). However, there are many other factors that might affect the demand curve, e.g. no. of children, in the household, the perceived quality of education in the school district, or the number of job positions (filled or open) around the city. According to Burda
A difficult characteristic to understand about the housing market is how a price is given for a particular house. That price will be designated to that particular house alone. All houses have various pricing, so I can’t always assume that one will cost more or less than any other. The pricing for houses vary based on their characteristics. Each characteristic must be analyzed to determine its contribution or detraction toward the price. I have taken some of these characteristics and modeled the relationship between them and the price of real estate for a specific area.
The benefits of metropolitan growth are rising property values, increasing business opportunities and industrial productions. Property owners have created a unique system that determines who wins and lose with metropolitan growth from 1930s to 1970s. Various studies that had been conducted regarding the development of metropolitan areas, specially in the United States, identified various factors that played an important role in fostering these developments. Some of these factors include; crime, race, immigration, and design assimilation. It is, therefore, significant to understand the benefits of metropolitan growth, who reaps them, the cost of metropolitan growth, and who is responsible for costs.
In general, congestion externalities originate from the difference between private and social costs. The literature on optimal city size suggests that households and firms choose to locate in a city by evaluating the prevailing average social costs (AC)—such as local taxes or commuting/transport costs in the city, but ignoring the increased social costs their arrivals generate for the whole urban population (Alonso 1971; Richardson 1972; Mills and De Ferranti 1971). Therefore, the average social cost would usually be lower than the marginal social cost (MC) born by the city as a whole (Alonso 1971; Richardson 1972; Mills and De Ferranti 1971). Firms and residents would continue to move into the city as long as marginal benefits, as represented by marginal value of outputs (MP) in the city, exceed the marginal social cost plus the opportunity cost of moving (MP > MC + opportunity cost for moving) (Alonso 1971; Richardson 1972). The result is that cities would grow to a size that is more congested than the optimal size for maximizing urban production, that size being the point where the