Medicaid Overview

Medicare and Medicaid are programs that have been developed to assist Americans in attainment of quality health care. Both programs were established in 1965 and are federally supported to provide health care coverage to vulnerable populations such as the elderly, the disabled, and people with low incomes. Both Medicare and Medicaid are federally mandated and determine coverage under each program; both are run by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, a federal agency ("What is Medicare? What is Medicaid?” 2008).

The benefits and drawbacks of having state health programs verses one that is uniform across the country can vary on a broad basis. Medicare and Medicaid are state and federally funded health programs; programs that must be fair and allow access to everyone across the country that are enrolled and eligible to receive such benefits. In addition, these programs have unlimited caps so that there is flexibility to continue financing care without delay. The Medicare program was designed to provide access to health care for those who are not able to afford appropriate health care and meet the needs of vulnerable communities. If it were not for the assistance of the federal government in providing states the necessary funds to continue providing health

The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of two federally and/or state funded programs. The programs that will be discussed are Medicare and Medicaid. In this paper will be information about who receives Medicaid/Medicare, the services offered by these programs, and those long term services that are not.

The Medicare and Medicaid federal programs were put in place as a way to help the less fortunate. Individuals with severe disabilities or over the age of 65 qualify for Medicare. This program helps them with health coverage, so the disabled and elderly who have Medicare do not have to worry about their medical bills and not going to the hospital when they are sick. Medicaid is a similar program, however, it only applies to low income families who cannot provide for their children. Similar to Medicare, this program covers any health related problems and takes away the worry and troubles that come with hospital bills.

According to Barton (2010) Long-term Care “emphasized continuous care over a period of at least 90 days for a range of acute and chronic conditions. Regardless of the length of time (i.e., from weeks to years), LTC is an array of services provided in a range of settings to people who have lost some capacity for independence because of an injury, a chronic illness, or a condition” (pg. 349). This is the description of someone who may have been in a debilitating car accident, an elderly person with Alzheimer’s and dementia, a person diagnosed with chronic mental illness, and individuals who are developmentally delayed or “disabled.” People who are placed in these type of long-term care facilities are usually screened using two different

As we become older, issues with our health begin to take affect and finding ways to fund for that care is becoming even more difficult. In the article “Some Elders Must Take Drastic Measures to Obtain Long-term Care”, national magazine journalist Mary A. Fischer (2011) states that many Americans must face demeaning and disempowering choices in order to qualify for Medicaid or Medicare—federal funded health insurance programs— such as refusing to pay for a spouses institutionalization, divorce, and spending down assets. The author argues that these choices leave the healthy spouse with decreased funds to plan for their own retirement expense (Fisher, 2011). Working in the health care field for 4 years, along with my family’s own personal experiences I can relate to this article, since I have seen a variety of ways that federal funded health insurances have been unable to meet the expectations and demands of its beneficiaries.

Medicaid is a social health care program that covers nearly 60 million Americans, including children, pregnant women, seniors, parents and individuals suffering with disabilities. Medicaid is the biggest source of funding for health related services and medical needs for the people with low income in the United States. This program is funded jointly by the state and federal level governments, but it is the state’s responsibility to manage this program. The Medicaid program is not a required program that states have to use, but all 50 states have implemented this program. With the introduction of the Affordable Care Act (ACA), and its passing in 2010, the ACA unveiled its plans to expand Medicaid eligibility to nearly all low-income adults as an addition to the other groups that fall into the Medicaid eligibility. The Medicaid program had “many gaps in coverage for adults” because it was only restricted to the low income individuals and other people with needs in their own specific category. In the past, the majority of the states who had adults that did not have children dependent on those parents were not eligible for Medicaid. These low income adults without dependent children would be without medical insurance assistance before the ACA was introduced. Medicaid is now available to all Americans under the age of 65 whose family income is at or below the federal poverty guideline of “133 percent or $14,484 for an individual and $29,726 for a family of four in 2011” (NSCL).

Medicaid initially established that each state is responsible for designing their medical costs to pay medical care for the poor. Also, Medicaid created as a voluntary program for each state; they have to have the choice to participate. For one thing, because of the rising costs of healthcare, it has been difficult to bring Medicaid recipients into the “mainstream” of United States (U.S.) medical care. Donald R. Barr notes, “between 1975 and 1989, the cost of the Medicaid program increased by an average of 11.9 percent per year before adjusting for inflation” (172). The rising costs of healthcare are necessary for each state to determine if it is beneficial for them to participate in the Medicaid program. As the government level of payment is determined by each state economic condition. For instance, a state with lower per capita income will receive more government funding. A state with higher per capita income receives less reimbursement for program costs. Therefore, on December 31, 2010, many states continued to experience budget cuts. As a result on August 2010, Congress increased reimbursement rates through June 2011.

Usually Medicare does not pay for long-term care; it will only pay for medically necessary skilled nursing facilities or home health care. With Medicare certain criteria has to be met for certain conditions for Medicare to pick up the cost. Medicare also does not pay for any kind of long-term care that helps assist with activities of daily living. This kind of care includes dressing, bathing, and using the bathroom. Medicare Advantage plans can offer limited skilled nursing facility and home care coverage if the patient’s long-term care is medically necessary. Medicaid offers coverage for both medical and non-medical associated long-term care, but the person will only qualify if they have less than $2000 in assets and income that is inadequate to pay for the cost of their care. If a veteran is at least 70% service connected disabled the Veterans Administration will pay the costs of long-term care for life. Long-term care that is not provided by the government is usually paid out-of –pocket by family members. Most people choose the option of home health care because long-term care is too costly.

Medicare and Medicaid are two of the United States largest broken systems, which must sustain themselves in order to provide care to their beneficiaries. Both Medicare and Medicaid are funding by a joint effort between the federal government and the local state government. If and when these governments choose to cut funding or reduce spending, Medicare and Medicaid take the biggest hit. Most people see these two benefits as one in the same, two benefits the government takes out of their pay check to help fund health care. While the government does deduct a sum from paychecks everywhere, Medicare and Medicaid are very two very different programs.

Medicaid and Medicare both play important parts in paying for health care for seniors. They are, however, very different. There are many details, but here are three big differences.

Medicaid is an assistance program. IT serves low-income people of every age. Patients usually pay no part of costs for covered medical expenses. A small co-payment is sometimes required. Medicaid is a federal-state program. It varies from state to state. IT is run by state and local governments within federal guidelines. (HHS.gov, 2014).

Medicare and Medicaid are both governmental programs that provide health care services to specific groups of Americans. Although these programs are different, they both are managed by CMS. Medicaid provide health care to individuals with low income and few resources. While, Medicare provide health care to the elderly and certain disabled Americans (MediLexicon International Ltd, 2015).

Many people confused Medicaid and Medicare programs. Many believe the programs are the same, but the programs are totally different. Medicare is an insurance program for senior citizens, the age to participate in Medicare is 65 years old. People pay into the program throughout the year through payroll deduction. There are several similarities between private health insurance and Medicare, both are not free and patients pay part of the costs of office visits and hospital stays. Medicaid is a program for low income families. The program is funded from federal, state and local taxes. Unlike Medicare, there is no age requirement to participate in Medicaid programs. Depends on a person’s income some patients do not have co-pay for medical

One of the biggest differences is Medicaid is a state governed program and Medicare is a federal governed program. Here are some other differences: