Mice And Metabolism

A group of 11 mice was given water, and another group of 10 mice was supplied with diluted black coffee (coffee:water 1:1) as drinking fluids for five weeks. The composition of the diets and living conditions were similar for both groups of mice. Blood glucose was monitored weekly for all mice. After five weeks, there was no change in average body weight between groups. Results indicated that blood glucose concentrations increased significantly in the mice that drank water compared with those that were supplied with coffee. Finally, blood glucose concentration in the coffee group exhibited a 30 percent decrease compared with that in the water group.

Every living thing on earth undergoes a basic function known at metabolism. Metabolism only occurs within a person or living organisms and is a vital part of the human digestion needs. Since genes have a part in the reaction rate or speed, there can be people with faster or slower metabolisms than others. However, the basic breakdown of food and its subsequent transfer of energy is also affected by numerous factors like nutrition, transport, respiration, digestion, and synthesis. Because of these factors, metabolism differs for each person individually. Factors like these explain why “faster” metabolisms are ideal for the human body and are sought after.

The documentary, Stress, Portrait of a Killer, examined how stress is known to kill, yet humans still believe they are invincible. Dr. Robert Sapolsky studied primates in Africa in order to learn about what effects stress has on the body. Interestingly, he found that the baboons who were considered to have a higher rank actually had lower stress hormones in their blood. Conversely, the baboons who were considered to be low rankers actually had elevated stress hormones, increased heart rate, and a higher blood pressure—all of which lead to deteriorating health. Furthermore, the documentary uncovered that weigh and weight distribution is directly related to stress which is unfortunate because the more weight you gain, the more you stress! More

Energy metabolism is where the nutrients oxygen and glucose are took in and delivered the organs. Energy is needed in order for our body to be able to function. Energy helps break down molecules and to build new molecules.

3. What is “metabolism”? What does human metabolism have to do with energy balance and body weight? Answer: metabolism- the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life. Food is measured in calories which the body processes as energy. Additional calories must be burned through exercise or physical activity or it will be stored as fat.

Metabolism is a chemical process that converts fuel from food into energy needed for the body’s activities. For example, thinking, running and jumping etc. are all an example of the bodies activities.

In this lab, we are going to try to answer the question, Does body size affect endotherms metabolic rates? This question is very controversial among scientists. They’ve only agreed on one thing, there are different scalings between animals, but they don 't know how that affects metabolism and why (Hoppler and Weibel 2005). Some scientist’s studies show that body size in endotherms does affect metabolism rate due to SA/V ratios. The ratios affect the endotherms metabolism based on how high or low the SA/V ratio is. An animal with a larger SA/V ratio puts off more heat to their environment. This results in smaller animals having to burn through their food more to maintain their body temperature (“Unit 4 Demos More on Metabolic Rate”). What led us to the formation of our experiment was the experiment performed in the article Smith et al. (2015). In

The energy sources an organism’s uses can also be determined to classify the metabolism of the unknown organism. For instance, the ability to use citrate as the sole carbon source can be assessed by growing cells in a medium with citrate as the only carbon source and a pH indicator that which changed color when the pH increases as a result of citrate metabolism (7). Similarly, the indicator methyl red can be added to a medium containing the unknown sample and various carbon sources. If the sample uses mixed acid fermentation, generating cellular energy by using more than one carbon source, then the drop in pH due to the accumulation of various acidic products will cause the indicator to turn red (7). Another such example is the use of a pH

Living organisms must undergo chemical reactions of cellular metabolism to maintain life. This process is performed with the help of the active site found on the enzyme. The active site is sensible to changes that are made to the enzyme, so when a factor that affects the enzyme is present, the reaction rate will be affected. In this experiment the effects of enzyme concentrations, substrate concentrations, temperature concentrations and adding an inhibitor on the enzyme’s reaction rate will be tested. In activity one, if the enzyme concentration is fairly low, then adding more enzyme concentration will cause the substrates to attach onto the enzyme and be changed into the products. In activity two, if the substrate concentration is not restricted,

Metabolism refers to the sum of all the necessary chemical processes that allow living organisms to interconvert and use energy to maintain cellular activity. It can be subdivided into two categories, the first process is called catabolism which is the process of breaking down molecules to obtain energy, and the second process is called anabolism which is using energy to synthesize molecules to sustain cellular activity (Mandal et. al, 2013). With the knowledge that all living organisms undergo metabolic processes in order to survive, it is important that we understand the process of metabolism and how specific changes in environmental conditions can affect overall metabolic activity.

* Metabolism - is the set of chemical reactions that happen in the cells of living organisms to sustain life.

“Metabolism is the set of chemical reactions that happen in living organisms to maintain life. These processes allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments” (Metabolism). Metabolism breaks down the food that we eat, transforming it into energy for our bodies. Metabolism is broken down into two categories Anabolism and Catabolism, which help aid in the chemical reaction process. Specific proteins in the body control the chemical reactions of metabolism, and each chemical reaction is coordinated with other body functions (Dowshen). Metabolism is a constant process that begins when we're born and ends when we die. It is a vital process for all life not just humans, and

Three separate cohorts of naïve and NMS mice were used to avoid confounding effects of additional stressors. In the first group, mice underwent urinary bladder distension

work and are applicable to humans. Other animals, such as rabbits, monkeys, and pigs, are also good animal models because of their similar physiological and anatomical features allow them to have a good construct validity and face validity (Crawley, 2012). Mice are similar to humans, small, and the least expensive to use for research. These three reasons are why mice are chosen as a model organism for Autism. Ultimately, the mice tend to score high and fit the validity, physiological, and anatomical features better for studying autism. Mice are becoming transgenic. The genetic material from a disease or phenomena can transfer into a mice’s DNA, and this is how mice are transgenic (Crawley, 2012). This property of mice allows there to be a

Results: Fasting blood glucose levels in the treatment group of the experiment were significantly higher compared to control mice. Total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, VLDL, triglycerides & HbA1c were found to be significantly increased in the animals of the stressed group. Body weights of the