Essay Monetary and Fiscal Policies

Tesco's has recently had to make many changes in their staff and have had to change the management structure to be able to pay every manager fairly and pay the wages for their general employees. These effects were taken place due to a major profit change and an unstable financial system. Another effect that has been changed is the Tesco pension scheme back in 2012. The Tesco pension scheme had changed due to financial problems however this would mean employees who have a pension scheme with Tesco will have to work longer if they were in their early 60's . This became a challenge for Tesco's as they couldn't afford to pay out on pension schemes at that precise moment.

Tariff and Tax: The trade of a business organization also gets affected by the tariff and Tax laws. This could influence both positively or negatively. If the global market’s tax and tariff rate is high then TESCO could face difficulties to compete with those countries companies.

Tesco are Britain’s biggest supermarket and due to this they employ thousands. The government can give Tesco grants and money to invest back into Tesco. The government will benefit because if Tesco invest the money wisely they will have a successful year therefore the government will receive more tax. An example of Tesco receiving a government grant was in 2009 when they received £5 million to open a new store in Glasgow.

Another internal economy of scale from which Tesco benefit is technical. As they grow, they are able to use the latest equipment and incorporate new methods of production. An example of is their new self-service checkouts from which people can purchases their goods from a machine using a scanner. This increases efficiency and productivity, reducing average costs of output because it means they don’t have to employ as many workers.

Indirect Taxes relates to VAT and Excise duties. VAT is sales tax which is collected by the business (Tesco) and given to the government. Essentially if increased it would increase the price of Tesco’s products, this subsequently

The fiscal policy affects Tesco due to an increase in income tax which will cause the all customers to do less spending and have their spending habits change. This will affects Tesco’s profits, stock and cause them to lose stores and job losses which will create bad morale. Tesco’s market share might decrease depending on the effects on the competitors. Also Tesco will do less investment due to less profit to be able to spend. An increase in VAT will affect Tesco they will gain less profits for the same amount of sales. Tesco will either have to increase their

Corporation tax increase would affect Tesco has their profits are low compared to previous years and wouldn’t be able to do investments or campaigns to try to increase sales. This would allow their competitors do keep doing successful campaigns and investments, which will steal customers causing Tesco to go into a negative multiplier effect. But, Tesco’s competitor’s profits would also decrease causing them to do less investment and provide less money to their campaigns. This would allow Tesco to try to do a more successful campaign than their competitors to steal customers, increase sales and profits to get back to their 33% market share.

Fiscal Policy can be explained in many ways, for example. Fiscal policy is the use of the government budget to affect an economy. When the government decides on the taxes that it collects, the transfer payments it gives out, or the goods and services that it purchases, it is engaging in fiscal policy. The primary economic impact of any change in the government budget is felt by particular groups—a tax cut for families with children, for example, raises the disposable income of such families. Discussions of fiscal policy, however, usually focus on the effect of changes in the government budget on the overall economy—on such macroeconomic variables as GNP and unemployment and inflation.

Tesco operates in 14 different countries. Therefore its performance may be influenced by the local legislation and political factors. There are

How can monetary policy and fiscal policy greatly influence the US economy? Keynesian economics says, “A depressed economy is the result of inadequate spending .” According to Keynesian the government intervention can help a depressed economy through monetary policy and fiscal .The idea established by Keynes was that managing the economy is a government responsibility .

An economic factor that might affect Tesco is the demand of the consumer and customer which will decrease with the different problems; people are having in the world. As the demand decrease so the economy of the business will decrease and the profit of the business will decrease too. This refers in the fiscal and monetary, for example since when the government decided to raise the VAT from 17.5% to 20%, the business increase their goods price and due to that reason the customers do not purchase enough goods like they used.

Monetary policy affects the aggregate demand by altering the supply or cost of money. One of which is the alteration of the rate of interest. By reducing the interest rate, it encourages consumers and businesses to borrow and spend or invest instead of saving their money. As a result, the supply of money increases. When there is more money, it

This essay seeks to explain what are monetary and fiscal policy and their roles and contribution to the economy. This includes the role of the government in regulating the economical performance of a country. It also explains the different features and tools of monetary and fiscal policy and their performance when applied to the third world countries with a huge informal sector.

The Economy is the backbone to society. There are many factors that operate in, and govern our society’s economical structure. Factors such as scarcity and choice, opportunity cost, marginal analysis, microeconomics, macroeconomics, factors of production, production possibilities, law of increasing opportunity cost, economic systems, circular flow model, money, and economic costs and profits all contribute to what is known as the economy. These properties as well as a few others, work together to influence the economy. Microeconomics and Macroeconomics are two major components. Both of these are broken down into several different components that dictate societal norms and views.

Profits for Tesco’s operations in Europe, Asia and Ireland increased by 78% during the last fiscal year. The company has a strong brand image, and is associated with good quality, trustworthy goods that represent excellent value. Tesco’s innovative ways of improving the customer shopping experience, as well as its efforts to branch out into finance and insurance have also capitalized on this.