3.1 Analysis of MPS VII mouse whole brain 3.1.1 Identification of dysregulated proteins by 2D PAGE and LC-MS/MS To identify dysregulated proteins in MPS VII mice compared to wildtype mice (n=3 each group, 5-month old), brains were collected and subjected to 2D-PAGE combined with nanoLC-MS/MS. From the 2D PAGE gels, a total of 2,055 spots were compared (Figure 1). Spots that had a fold-change >1.5 and a p-value <0.05 between MPS VII and control mice were deemed significant and subjected to in-gel trypic digestion. NanoLC-MS/MS analysis of the differentially expressed spots led to the identification of 43 individual proteins that were either upregulated or downregulated in MPS VII (Table 1). These proteins were identified by submitting the …show more content…
The whole network was analyzed by NetworkAnalyzer, which computes complex network parameters such as node degrees, average clustering coefficients, topological coefficients, and shortest path lengths. In the PPI network the nodes with high degree defined as hub proteins and the nodes with high betweenness defined as bottleneck proteins, which both play a fundamental role in the network [16]. Therefore, the degree and betweenness of each node are calculated, leading to identification of hub and bottleneck proteins (Table 5). The top 15 hub and bottleneck proteins are mainly those associated with ubiquitin, cytoskeleton and molecular chaperones. Hub and bottleneck proteins with their interacting proteins or chemicals were predicted from STICH web server and illustrated in Figure 3. More importantly, hub and bottleneck proteins within the network have been demonstrated to be potential therapeutic targets [17-19]. By submitting these hub and bottleneck proteins as drug targets in Drugbank database, potential drugs to treat MPS VII disease were predicted (Table 6). To provide more specific and detailed information about the PPI network, subnetworks were identified, which represented protein complexes or functional modules. A total of 5 subnetworks were identified using the MCODE plug-in and illustrated in Figure 4. The parameters of each subnetwork, including seed proteins, are listed in Table 7. Most of the hub
ABC Mouse is a global educational initiative that offers a full online curriculum for pre-school thru Kindergarten. The goal is to help children build a strong foundation for future academic success. ABC Mouse is a subscription based program (see their website for pricing information). ABC Mouse offers over 350 lessons, at six different levels, and more than 2,000 individual learning activities. The ABC Mouse program has received a number of awards and citations, including a Parents’ Choice GOLD Award in 2011. Go to: www.abcmouse.com to learn more about this popular new
I started my education in Erie, Pennslyviana.I attend McDowell High. I would say that we were one of the richer schools were I live. I am going to talk about my first assignment Brainology. I thought it was very interesting and it thought me a lot about how some people have different mindsets.
The last half of the book continued to follow Cece working on making friends and dealing with how she feels about her hearing. She also moves and makes a new friend, Martha. She also makes friends with her neighborhood children. Martha is a grade below her and they get along great. Cece assumes that Martha doesn’t know that she is deaf, because it is summer and they aren’t in the same class together in school and hasn’t seen her wearing the Phonic Ear. However, she does know and simply doesn’t care. The neighborhood kids are also kind to her and there is a neighbor boy Mike Miller that she has a crush on. All is well until Martha hurts Cece’s eye and panics. Her eye heals but Martha is still too afraid to be around
While on patrol, I was parked in the entrance to Mansard's plaza, facing E Ridge Rd, monitoring traffic. A female in a silver pickup truck pulled into the lot and flagged me down. The female pointed towards a white and maroon Corvette traveling east on Ridge Rd and stated that she believes the driver may be intoxicated. I immediately pulled onto Ridge Rd and got behind the Corvette. As I was following the Corvette east on Ridge, another vehicle with a male driver pulled up to the side of me and shouted out the window, "That guy is drunk". I then observed the Corvette to weave from the outside lane to the center lane, without signaling. The vehicle then abruptly swerved back into the outside lane, without signaling. The vehicle then came to
A protein has multiple existing structures, these are the primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures which occur progressively. A protein is essentially a sequence of amino acids which are bonded adjacently, and interact with one another in various ways depending on the R group that the amino acid contains. There are 20 different amino acids which are able to be arranged in any given order, thus giving rise to a potential 2.433x1018 (4.s.f) different combinations, and therefore interactions between the various amino acids.
Second, in order to further confirm the information about characteristics and function of the targeting protein that we have
Say hello to Super Lice! Super Lice is nothing to take lightly. You or your child could be its next victim! Super Lice has now found homes in nearly 25 states! Therefore, Super Lice is becoming a major problem in the USA because medications are not treating the lice. However, some people say Super Lice is still the same Lice it’s always been and there’s nothing to worry about, but head lice is much harder to kill than usual.
In late 18th century France it was common to lose one’s head due to political strife, but could the number of beheadings increase in the early 21st century by elective choice? One of the most controversial and discussed surgeries for the past century has been the concept of allo-head and body reconstruction, i.e. head transplantation. A major advocate for this surgery, Sergio Canavero, has increased its publicity and made major movements to get this procedure to happen in human subjects in the next decade. A recent article published in The Guardian has illustrated this surgeon’s enthusiasm to perform this procedure at all costs and was even quoted to state that there is nothing left to learn from animal studies (1). Although there is much that can be learned from applying this surgery to humans, we have not exhausted the information that animal studies can give us over this topic.
Mice play one of the main roles in predators ,plants and everything else it interacts .The mice can affect organisms around its ecosystem. Mice are small little organisms.Its Ecosystem is in grasslands,and many burrows onto the ground.They can sometimes play as the ´parasite´ to the ones it invades homes,for its considered an invasive species.They are part of the food web.They eat little nuts,plants and grains it finds.But it's an omnivore so it is capable to consume meat.They affect those around and interacts with the organisms,For they are Important.
RASAL3, SASH3, PTPRC, and INPP5D. These genes are termed “hub genes” due to the high
Methods: Firstly in this experiment, one had to get familiar with how to use many of the basic commands in FirstGlance in Jmol. To get familiar with the program, one did a tutorial analysis of protein PDB ID: 1LGD at http://bioinformatics.org/firstglance/fgij//, following the specific step listed in the handout.1
Female C57Bl/6 mice (Charles River, Wilmington, MA), born and housed in the Research Support Facility at the University of Kansas Medical Center, were used for all experiments. Mice received water and food ad libitum and were housed on a 12-hour light cycle (600 to 1800 hours). All research was approved by the University of Kansas Medical Center Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (protocol numbers 2013-2150 and 2016-2344) in compliance with the National Institute of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.
With the aid of GFP, researchers have developed ways to watch processes that were previously invisible, such as the development of nerve cells in the brain or how cancer cells spread. Tens of thousands of different proteins reside in a living organism, controlling important chemical processes in minute detail. If this protein machinery malfunctions, illness and disease often follow. That is why it has been imperative for bioscience to map the role of different proteins in the body. “(The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008 - Press
Campbell and Farrell define proteins as polymers of amino acids that have been covalently joined through peptide bonds to form amino acid chains (61). A short amino acid chain comprising of thirty amino acids forms a peptide, and a longer chain of amino acids forms a polypeptide or a protein. Each of the amino acids making up a protein, has a fundamental design that comprises of a central carbon or alpha carbon that is bonded to a hydrogen element, an amino grouping, a carboxyl grouping, and a unique side chain or the R-group (Campbell and Farrell 61).
Given the conserved nature of intracellular trafficking, Cin1 appears to be unique to Cn, as a Cin1 homolog was not found in Sc nor Ca. Likewise, a Pan1 homologs was not found in Cn. However, by reciprocal BLASTp search, several proteins with significant homologies to proteins participating in Sc and Ca Pan1 pathways were identified {Wang, 2011 #5646}. Among them, an EH protein homologous to Sc Ede1 was selected for further analysis as Sc Ede1 is one of the key partners of Pan1. Characterization of the Cn Ede1 homolog and examination of its interaction with Cin1 will reveal whether Cin1 mediates the only endocytic pathway or there are additional endocytic pathways in Cn. In addition, to analyze if Cin1 and Ede1 affect protein trafficking