INTRODUCTION Turning to over-the-counter drugs has become a necessity for those seeking fast and easy pain relief. Several medications have been noted as beneficial and effective, and although Alka-Seltzer tablets, used for pain relief, as an antihistamine, and for nasal decongestion, has not reached the most commonly used, its effectiveness can be proven.2 Dissolved in water before ingestion, Alka-Seltzer tablets use the action of effervescence to produce the release of carbon dioxide gas.1 This release of gas allows for the fizz to occur, and for excess sodium bicarbonate to aid in the pain relief, in combination with aspirin in the tablets.1,2 But, this need for pain relief from over-the-counter drugs has been monitored due to the …show more content…
The mass of the small beaker/flask and solution for each trial was found and recorded by using 50 mL graduated cylinders to add increasing 5 mL increments of vinegar, from 0 to 35 mL, and decreasing 5 mL increments of water, from 35 to 0 mL to the eight small beakers or flasks and weighed on an analytical balance. Accordingly, the mass of each of the eight Alka-Seltzer Tablets was determined and recorded. Moreover, the tablets were each dropped in their respective beakers/flasks, and allowed to fizz, without spilling over. The loss of mass of CO2 was furthermore ascertained by finding change in mass of each of the solutions after the fizzing stopped from the value of the mass of the Alka-Seltzer tablet plus the mass of the solution and beaker/flask. Further, using the loss of mass of CO2 for each trial and the balanced equation, the amount of NaHCO3 reacted and percent by mass in the tablet were identified. After determining the class average and the standard deviation for each trial, and plugging it into a scatter plot, the change of slope showed the true percent by mass of NaHCO3 in Alka-Seltzer tablets. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Two acid-base reactions were used to result in the percent by mass of NaHCO3 in Alka-Seltzer tablets: C6H8O8 (aq) + HCO3- (aq) C7H7O8-(aq) + H2CO3(aq) (1) CH3COOH (aq) + NaHCO3 (aq) H2O (l) + CO2 (g) +
Cryptococcus neoformans (Cn) virulence depends on the active transport of vesicles that contain melanin and capsule precursors, proteinases, and other macromolecules. We previously found that the Cn intersectin protein Cin1 regulates intracellular trafficking critical for growth and virulence and that Cin1-S isoform confers a marked survival advantage in the CNS of a murine model of cryptococcosis. In addition, we found that the expression of extracellular RNAs (exRNAs) including small RNA (sRNA), mRNA, and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) was significantly differentiated among cin1, CIN1-S, and wild type stains. Further investigation of these observations could promote our understanding of Cn propensity for the host CNS and the virulence
In this lab we will be studying electric field plotting through the use of various apparatus. The equipment we will be using includes a digital voltmeter, voltage probes, carbonized acetate sheets, battery, and other tools of measurement. The goal of the lab is for us is to be able to plot lines for charge distributions and to create electric field lines by providing an electric current through carbonized sheets. Once we have completed constructing the electric field lines for the plate charge distribution, we will continue to calculate for the electric field (E = Vx) and begin to plot for the dipole charge distribution. When we have collected all the data needed, we then will finish calculating for all the remaining variables and complete the rest of the lab report.
Ever wonder about the chemical makeup of tablets that people take for pain relief? Before a tablet can be successfully made, the limiting and excess reactants must be considered. The limiting reactant will affect the amount of the product that can be made. Another reason why the starting reactants must be determined carefully is to make reduce the amount of the reactant in excess so that reactants are not wasted. This experiment uses an Alka-Seltzer tablet. Alka-Seltzer dissolves in water and is an antacid and a pain reliever1. The Alka-Seltzer tablet has many uses such as relief of headaches, ingestion, heart burns, or even upset stomachs2. The active ingredients in an Alka-Seltzer tablet is aspirin, also known as acetyl-salicylic acid (C8H12O4), citric acid (C6H8O7), and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)2. The aspirin in the Alka-Seltzer tablet helps with pain relief. Because of the acid-base chemistry (Brønsted-Lowry), citric acid and sodium bicarbonate produce O2, which makes the tablet fizz when it is dropped in liquid. The Brønsted-Lowry theory shows how the Brønsted-Lowry acid donates a hydrogen ion while the Brønsted-Lowry base accepts the hydrogen ions3. The remaining NaHCO3 that is in excess post reaction with the citric acid is what is used to neutralize stomach acid which helps relief heart burn2. The problem in
In the LULC/Soil/Slope tool box, the last option is slope tab. User has to select to number of slope classes for the watershed. Two options are available to define the slope discretization in the slope definition tool box. First one is single slope and second one is multiple slopes. If user select single slope in the tool box, it creates slope range class 0-999%, if user selects multiple slopes, the tool allows to create 5 classes. For the kaddam watershed five slope classes has been selected in the tool box. The classes are 1) 0-5% 2) 5-10% 3) 10-15% 4) 15-35% and 5) 35-9999%. The slope map of the kaddam shown in the
The CSC consists of a sequence of four steps which are executed in sequence: \textit{(i)} Nodes use their maximum transmission power to connect to their neighboring nodes; \textit{(ii)} CC-links are established to increase connectivity; \textit{(iii)} The resulting topology from steps 1 and 2 are combined and we use topology control to select the routes towards the sink node that reduce the number of hops to reach the sink node.
This supports our hypothesis that the amplitude being adjusted doesn't effect the rate at which it swings. Now we move on to our question: Would mass be a factor? The first bob was replaced with something much smaller in weight. We returned the displacement back to 10 cms while keeping the length the same. We recorded the 10 periods and the average seems to be around the same approximate rate of 2.01. This debunks the theory of the pendulum being dependent on mass. Changing both the displacement and weight seems to not affect the rate in anyway.
There was an assortment of different changes indicating that chemical changes were taking place such as change in color or chemicals bubbling when combined with another chemical.
From the Client VM, clear Internet Explorer’s cache (or completely close and reopen IE) and go to http://10.0.0.1 What do you notice? Record your observations. These observations will help you with your lab report. The web page does not load stating “Internet cannot display the web page.”
I received 2.5 out of 3 possible points for this question. Based on the TA’s notes, it seems as though I lost ½ of a point for not saying that “more ddNTPs will result in shorter sequences”. However, in my answer, I did in fact say that increasing the ratio of ddNTPs to dNTPS will cause DNA sequencing to stop quickly, namely at the first few nucleotides if many ddNTPs are added. Because I included such information in my answer, and given the accuracy of the rest of my answer, I’m not sure why I lost ½ of a point and instead believe that I did not deserve to lose any points, or at least did not deserve to lose ½ of a point. In other words, although I believe this did not warrant any loss of points, I certainly believe it didn’t warrant a loss
Alka Seltzer is a medicine that acts as a pain reliever and an antacid. Antacids are used to help neutralize the acids in the stomach and help treat acid reflux, heartburn, indigestion, and gastritis. The tablets contain sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and citric acid (C6H8O7). The sodium bicarbonate is a base that helps neutralize the acids in the stomach, mainly hydrochloric acid (HCl). It does this by the following reaction: Na3C3H5O7(aq) + 3HCl(aq) H3C3H5O7(aq) + 3NaCl(aq). When the tablets are dropped into the water, a reaction occurs in which water (H2O), sodium citrate (Na3C6H5O7), and carbon dioxide (CO2) are formed.
Introduction: Alka-seltzer contains three active ingredients, aspirin, sodium hydrogen carbonate and citric acid. It is used for headaches, migraines, and cold and flu symptoms. Alka-Seltzer is usually taken when dissolved in a glass of water. When placed in water a series of chemical reactions result into Sodium citrate and Sodium acetylsalicylate. The sodium citrate would act as the antacid for stomach pains, and the sodium acetylsalicylate would act as the pain reliever.
The retained solution from the NaHCO3 extraction was used to precipitate the P-toulic acid. Drop wise 3M HCl was added to the extracted solution carefully until no more precipitate was formed and the solution tested acidic, with a pH reading less than 3 as indicated by pH paper testing. A piece of clean filter paper was then weighed and the mass recorded in a lab notebook. A vacuum filtration system was constructed with a Buchner funnel
The amount of soda ash needed for the experiment was calculated using the following equation: sample weight of unknown=0.1103M (18ml×150.99)/(10×2× %〖Na〗_2 〖CO〗_3 ) An analytical balance was used to weight the calculated amount of soda ash. A piece of weighing paper instead of a weighing boat was used. The mass was recorded. The weighed soda ash was transferred into a 250 mL beaker, then the sample was dissolved in approximately 70 mL of water. The pH meter and electrode was obtained, rinsed with DI water, and calibrated using pH 7 and pH 4 buffer. A burette was obtained, mounted on a ring stand, and filled with the standardized HCl solution, that was prepared in Experiment 2. Since magnetic stirring bars and stirring plates were not available, the students
Our testable question was, what is the effect of different liquids on the dissolving rate of the alka seltzer. To answer this question we dissolved alka seltzer in three different liquids, and recorded the data we found. After testing water three times
In this analysis of the factors that affect reaction rates, the purpose of the lab was to find the relationship between the change of surface area and reaction rate using Alka Seltzer tablets. In order to determine the connection between the surface area and reaction rate, the time it took for the reaction to finish was recorded for five different surface areas of the tablet. The ceasing of the production of bubbles and fizz and the complete dissolution of the tablet was established as the finished reaction. Water and the Alka Seltzer reacted to form Carbon Dioxide bubbles. As displayed in Graph 1, the relationship between surface area and reaction rate was represented by the positive slope and trend line. Through the data and results, it was concluded that as surface area increases, the rate of reaction also increases representing a direct relationship. The increase in the surface area created more contact and collisions, which increased the rate of the