Introduction
In literature, it is the role of the narrator not only to tell the story, but it is the point of view, and more notably the perspective, in which the events of the story unfold allowing the reader to experience and understand what the narrator is depicting (Booth 158-159). This element of storytelling establishes confidence in the reader that the person telling you the story is telling the truth. As this is true for most pieces of fiction, an altered aspect between different writings in literature is how dependent the narrator is (Nünning 84), which adds another element of engagement when understanding the role of the storyteller, for while in some cases the narrator may have limited knowledge regarding their situation, in the case of Edgar Allan Poe, the narrator could simply be unreliable (Olsen).
Author Wayne C. Booth formulated the term unreliable narrator through differentiating it from the reliable narrator and stating:
"I have called a narrator reliable
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Whenever an author conveys to his reader an unspoken point, he creates a sense of collusion against all those, whether in the story or out of it, who do not get that point. Irony is always thus in part a device for excluding as well as for including, and those who are included, those who happen to have the necessary information to grasp the irony, cannot but derive at least a part of their pleasure from a sense that others are excluded” (Booth 304).
The author in reference, Edgar Allan Poe, incorporates many elements of the unreliable narrator. Poe’s use of this device could clearly have had an effect in influencing the reader’s view on different characters and plot points, as will be discussed by addressing insane character development, psychological distractions, and contrast between character actions and the support of observers (Nünning
Edgar Allen Poe is one of the greatest Sci-Fi/Mystery writers of all times. Two of his most popular poems, “The Tell Tale Heart” and “The Pit and the Pendulum” have elements that relate to each other but at the same time they differ. The use of suspense in his poems is proficient, and it makes the readers want to read on because they are intrigued and they want to know what is going to happen next! Poe gives a good example of what an unreliable narrator is in his poems, he shows that sometimes they can’t be trusted because of their actions and what they say and do. The themes in the two poems are greatly different, but show a clear panorama of what the poems are going to be about. While the theme in Edgar Allen Poe’s “Tell Tale Heart” and “The Pit and the Pendulum” are different, the way he used suspense and unreliable narrator are alike.
Unreliable narrators have been used for years in horror fiction type books and stories. They work to make those stories have an air of mystery and an altogether feeling of not knowing what is going to happen next. They generate an atmosphere of uncertainty, suspense, and sometimes fear that intrigues so many. Poe uses unreliable narrators to create those feeling that has captured many readers and inspired many writers.
A sense of dramatic irony is thought to be used throughout the reading. However, the book often takes a turn so that the reader’s previous thoughts on the plot are changed.
Edgar Allan Poe used the narrator’s insanity to build suspense by revealing the events in the story slowly and in an interesting way. When the narrator was looking at the old man when he woke up, he stood still for an hour until shining the light on his eye and deciding to kill him. These insane actions are unpredictable and makes you wonder what is going to happen next. At the house, when the police were present and the narrator was hearing the heartbeat, his thoughts made us curious about what he was going to do. Because he was insane, the suspense built as the character decided how he wanted to deal with the noise.
Edgar Allen Poe often uses unreliable narrators in his stories. I will be analyzing three stories of his to find what type of narrator he uses in each of them. Those stories are “The Black Cat”, “The Tell Tale Heart”, and “The Cask of Amontillado”. Each story is different and has a different a narrator. I will be describing the narrator in each of their respective paragraphs.
Unreliable narrators are incorporated into both classic and modern literature contains narrators that are unreliable, many of which are acclaimed over the world. Perhaps it is because they blatantly lie or mask events from the reader. They might be unable to distinguish between reality and imagination. Or, they are stricken with insanity. Edgar Allen Poe’s character Montresor is a prime example of an unreliable narrator. As is J. D. Salinger’s Holden Caulfield in The Catcher in Rye. However, it can be difficult to distinguish between what is a reliable narrator, and what is not.
In the excerpt “from The Tell-Tale Heart,” Edgar Allan Poe creates the disturbed character of an unnamed narrator through indirect characterization. Using the components of the character’s internal thought and the character’s motivations. Poe portrays a story about guilt and reveals that the narrator is beginning to question his actions and needs to tell the truth in order for this feeling to stop. . Poe does not include any physical description of the unknown narrator in this passage, but Poe does include the character’s internal thoughts and the character’s motivations that allow the reader to draw a conclusion about this unknown narrator.
In the excerpt “from The Tell-tale Heart,” Edgar Allan Poe creates the inhumane character of an unnamed narrator through indirect characterization. Using the components of his thoughts, the pounding in his head, and the narrator’s guilt, Poe reveals a story about guilt and reveals the savage nature of the unknown narrator.
Edgar Allan Poe is regarded as one of the most influential American writers of the nineteenth-century. Poe’s short stories posses the recurring themes of death, murder and his narrators often show signs of mental instability, like the old man in “The Tell-Tale Heart” and Montressor in “The Cask of Amontillado”. Since tragedy was prominent throughout Poe’s life, his work reflects the darkness ingrained by continuously being faced with adversity. Poe’s mental stability also comes into question when analyzing his works. The use of his unreliable narrators and their psychological issues present the questions of Poe’s own mental capacity. Because of the tragedy that occurred in Poe’s life, his experiences in life may have been influential on his unreliable narrators and his stories.
Edgar Allen Poe, an author who many consider as one of the founding writers of gothic writing, uses narrators to explain situations that are going on in their life. The narrators of The Cask of Amontillado and The Black Cat perceived that wrongs had happened to them, and because of these wrongs acted in ways that a sane person would not do. In The Cask of Amontillado, Montresor is the narrator. He tells readers that he has received thousands of injuries, most likely not physical, from a man named Fortunato.
Not as Simple as Black and White An unreliable narrator is a character that is untrustworthy, either due to madness, alcoholism, or a multitude of other characterizations that might cause one to constantly need to question the narration. The author of “The Black Cat”, Edgar Allan Poe, uses this type of narrator in this short story When reading his works, one must always be on the lookout for inconsistencies, errors, and improbabilities. This forces the reader to read critically and to actively challenge the words being read. In this story, the narrator has been made unreliable to invite the reader to acknowledge the infinite enigma that is the human mind.
Perhaps one of the best examples of Poe’s use of an unreliable narrator comes in the form of the short story “The Tell-Tale Heart”. The protagonist’s unreliability becomes immediately apparent within the opening paragraph of the story in which he vehemently denies any assumption that he might be insane. In fact, he goes on to boast about “how healthily—how calmly” he can regale the reader with his masterful plan
No matter how much it is repressed, the human thirst for freedom and individuality will never die. The relationship between the narrator and the main character from Jean Christophe develops the narrator. Before the two meet The Narrator was more timid and submissive, but the novel inspires him to be independent and individualistic. Through personification, irony, and symbolism the passage reveals the impact of Jean-Christophe on The Narrator’s transformation. The Narrator, who has known nothing but oppression, has a thirst to be free, to take “independent action as an individual”. Romain Rolland provides the catalyst to these revelations by introducing Jean-Christophe to The Narrator. The narrator falls in love with Jean-Christophe, not romantically, but he is enamored with Jean-Christophe’s ability to be who he truly is in the truly in the face of forces that want to make him conform and bring him down.
The narrator relays a count of events to an audience from a piece of literature. They are an important part to any narrative piece. Without them, there is no one to explain the novel, thus there is no story. Narrators are often a chosen character from the story, describing and telling the story through their own point of view, although, it depends on what the author wants. When authors choose or assign the role of being the narrator to a character, it is a tricky selection. It is important
In every work of literature, the presence of a narrator and a main character is crucial to the development of the story. Narrators may appear mainly as a first person narrator, a third person narrator or an omniscient narrator, among others. While narrators are the voice that tells the story, the main character of a story is the person whom the story is about and whose conflict is the core of the story. However, sometimes it may be difficult for the reader of the story to identify whether the main character is the narrator of the story or another character, who is present in the text. To recognize the main character of a story, readers have to look for the character taking action within the different events and the main conflicts throughout the whole story and who undergoes a change at the end of the story. This