Activity Ratios
Inventory Turnover
The formula: Inventory Turnover= (Cost of Goods Sold)/(Average Inventory Balance) Inventory turnover is the measure of how often a company’s inventory has been sold during the year. It judges whether the cash flow and using money are reasonable. It urges companies that keep production management, meanwhile, it improve the efficiency of using money and short – term liquidity of companies. Inventory turnover is not only measured how effective the inventory’s operation in every part of company’s management, but used to evaluate company’s management performance, reflects company’s performance. The higher inventory turnover, the stronger liquidity of company’s inventory, the faster cash flow on inventory.
The Inventory Turnover of Nike and Adidas (Mergent Online, 2017) 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Nike 4.77 4.5 4.21 4.16 3.99
Adidas 3.04 3.13 2.87 2.95 3.1
In the chart, both Nike and Adidas have a stable trend of inventory turnover, and inventory turnover of Nike is always higher than Adidas from 2011 to 2015. However, Nike’s inventory turnover was constant declining from 2011 to 2015. Therefore, Nike’s performance was continually declining in 2011 – 2015, but its performance was still better than Adidas. In 2013 – 2015, Adidas’ inventory turnover was increasing. It indicated that Adidas improved the efficiency of using money, short – term liquidity, and management level.
Accounts Receivable Turnover
The formula: Accounts Receivable Turnover=(Sale on Account)/(Average Accounts Receivable Balance) Accounts receivable turnover is the measure of how often a company’s accounts receivable have been turned into cash during the year. It means the average times of accounts receivable that are transferred to be cash in a current period. Generally, the higher accounts receivable turnover, the shorter average receipting period, so the faster getting money from accounts receivable. Otherwise, there are too much company’s working capital that stay in account receivable, it will affect normal turnover capital. If a company’s accounts receivable turnover is too fast, it may mean the company’s credit policies are too stringent, the company may be losing sales. If a company’s accounts
In the past few years, they have experienced a significant increase in inventory days. Not having attractive inventory leads to a decrease in sales and an increase in discounts and write offs leading to further decreases in EBITDA Margins. In 2009, the inventory turnover took 215 days. This is significantly above Le Chateaus competitors, for example Reitman’s inventory took only 72 days (Annual Report 2010). This means it takes Le Chateaus three times as long to sell inventory compared to their competitors. To make matters worse, this trend has been exacerbated in recent years. Le Chateau’s turnover has ballooned to a staggering 341 days while Reitman’s has kept inventory turnover stable at only 76 days.
Financial leverage is the ability of the company to maneuver with financing options to meet the obligations (Investopedia, 2012). There are two leverage ratios that were analyzed for this financial statement 1) debt ratio and 2) debt-to-equity ratio.
In general, a high inventory turnover ratio is better than a low ratio. A high ratio implies good inventory management. A very low level of inventory has serious implications. It adversely affects the ability to meet customer demand as it may mot cope up with its customer requirements.
Return on Assets shows the Company’s ability to generate a profit based on assets and equity. In 2009, the Company’s profit margin was 3.07% and in 2011 it had fallen to 1.91%.
J reflects department store chain. This industry is a retail business; therefore, there is a large amount of inventories. This industry also has high accounts receivable because usually customers pay with credit cards which are billed at the end of the month. However, sometimes, customers forget to pay their bills on time, and the bills are brought to next month. Therefore, the collection period is approximately 2 months.
With this company the inventory management ratios further indicate that there may be an issue with inventory and inventory controls. The inventory turnover ratio is lower than the industry average and the days’ sales in inventory are high. A company wants to turn inventory quickly to reduce storage costs, and
11. Accounts receivable turnover and days sales in accounts receivable for the last three years:
Receivables Turnover: This shows the degree of realization in accounts receivables. Company N has a lower turnover rate, a lower rate implies that receivables are being held longer and the less likely they are to be collected. Also there is an opportunity cost of tying up funds in receivables for a long period of time. Company M is 29 times higher than company N.
Inventory turnover in days is an assistant figure of inventory turnover. The shorter of the days, the faster of the inventory turning to cash, and the better use of short-term capital. This figure of the firm was very high in 2001 and began to fell down from 2002,then lower than industry in 2004 and 2005.This indicates the management of the firm became better.
A third activity ratio is the inventory turnover ratio, which indicates the effectiveness with which the company is employing inventory. Since inventory is recorded on the balance sheet at cost (not at its sales value), it is advisable to use cost of goods sold as the measure of activity. The inventory turnover figure is calculated by dividing cost of goods sold by inventory:
Accounts receivable turnover is the second method by which a company’s trade receivables’ liquidity can be evaluated (Gibson, 2011). Žager et al. (2012) noted turnover ratios should be as high as possible as this indicates a firm’s ability to convert its assets more often. 3M’s accounts receivable turnover for years 2007 and 2008 is shown in Exhibit 2. In 2007, 3M turned its accounts receivable over 7.12 times and 7.70 times in 2008. This calculates into a turnover of its accounts receivable every 51.28 days in 2007 and 47.38 days in 2008. The increase in accounts receivable turnover times per year (decrease in number of days to turnover accounts receivables) from 2007 to 2008 is a positive trend for 3M. It suggests, along with the prior calculation, the management of receivables is likely to be improving in efficiency.
Nike executed an upgraded variant of their stock administration programming. The thought of this recently executed stock control programming was to anticipate which items they would offer the most, and along these lines set up the appropriate measure of supply to take care of the demand. To begin with they would deliver an interest measuring and taking into account that estimates, they would set up an assembling arrangement. That is the way most huge enterprises (and some little organizations) settle on their operational business choices. Here is the procedure:-
Accounts receivable turnover measures the average time it takes for a firm to collect on credit sales. Harley Davidson's accounts receivable turnover rate is 6.75 times for 2001 and 8.74 times for 2000. This accounts receivable turnover rate seems low and would indicate that Harley Davidson is able to turn their receivables into cash quickly.
Supply management is a complex function that’s critical to business success, responsible for delivering efficient costs, high quality, fast delivery and continuous innovation throughout companies’ entire supply chains. The strategic contribution of supply management is measured not only in savings made, but also in increased shareholder value (Niezen, Weller & Deringer, 2007). Nike and Adidas are two global companies try to improve their competitive advantage through strategically managing and utilizing their supply chain. The purpose of this report is to compare and evaluate the supply chain management practices of Nike & Adidas.
Since Adidas Group is a very large corporation; it has to structure the organization efficiently and effectively in order to