Nineteenth Century: A Literary Analysis

Department stores, Chain stores, and mail order's houses were how retail sales and distribution techniques of the late nineteenth century made goods and conveniences formerly enjoyed by city dwellers available to Americans in small towns and the countryside. Americans no longer had to make their own clothes but, now they had the leisure of picking and buying clothes from a department store. Due to chain stores buying in preparing food had changed. A new industry of packing and selling foods had been invented. The mass production and new development of tin can had inspired an industry of canned foods. Refrigerated railroad cars and iceboxes made it possible for perishable food items to be kept fresh. These developments brought a healthy improvement

The issue between the Gospel of Matthew and Judaism is a convoluted one. The picture that emerges when talking about whether Jesus’s teaching is anti-Semitic or not becomes ambivalent and it is not easy to interpret, as Coogan has pointed out, “Matthew functions as a bridge between the two Testaments . . .”(Coogan, 1746). In the context of Jewish-Christian dialogue, the fundamental question is how much of Judaism’s principles and practices ascribed to Jesus are preserved from traditional Judaism? As much as Matthew’s Gospel has been considered to be an extremely anti-Semitic, especially in the Christian realm, there remains substantial evidence indicating how Jesus, as presented by Matthew, had preserved the quintessence of Judaism.

e. Workers: the workers were given less money when the prices of the goods decreased.

Elisheva Baumgarten’s work stands as a model for students and scholars alike in its comprehensive review of little-known writings and other sources from medieval Ashkenazi Jews as well as in its meticulous analysis of the often ambiguous writings. In Mothers and Children, Baumgarten examines a plethora of primary sources to explore the inner dynamics of Jewish families; she then uses this information to draw objective conclusions about the relationship between the Jewish and Christian communities in the middle ages.

Relations between the Christians and Jews of medieval Europe were always influenced by their unequal social and economic statuses and the religious competition that existed between them. While the Jews served a purpose in the Christian religion, this purpose meant that the more populous Christians that had come to dominate Europe only tolerated the Jews. No premise of equality existed, and the Jews came to depend on relationships with lower-level rulers to secure their relative safety. Rumors persisted that Jews had poisoned wells, and the Jews were often the targets of violence that the Christians seemed exceedingly willing to deliver. Overall, life was better for the Christians and worse for the Jews, although this would be of no

Jews played a crucial role in their communities in medieval Europe so the growth in anti-sematic action can be seen as unexpected. Whilst Jews had always been considered as ‘other’ by their Christian neighbour tolerance existed. So what caused the shift to viewing Jews as traitors? The causes for anti-Semitism during the Latin Middle Ages were sudden large events, the Crusades and the Black Death, and ongoing concerns, Jew’s economic position. The primary cause was the Crusades as the First Crusade began a tradition of organised violence against the Jewish population of Europe, rationalised as an extension of the Christian mission.

Anti-Semitism as a term to describe hatred of Jews was not used until the second half of the nineteenth century, but a bias against Jews had existed for thousands of years. This resentment of the Jews as a people can be traced back to theological roots as well as practical concerns in early Europe. The most significant and accepted origin of anti-Judaism is the death of Jesus. Jews were branded as the murderers of Christ and Jesus’ followers developed a deep hatred of them. This undertone to Christianity endured over time and became an inherent facet of the religion. Later, when Jews attempted to assimilate into European societies, they faced strong discrimination and resistance. Other citizens viewed them as economic competition. In addition, negative stereotypes evolved about the Jews in relation to their

disappointment. It was a decade classified as the "roaring twenties." Men returning from World War I had to deal with unemployment, wheat farmers and oil companies were striking it rich, new modern conveniences were being thought up, and fashion was a major issue among the rich.

10 hours a day from Monday to Friday and six and a half on Saturday.

Discuss the challenges faced by three of the following groups: business, labor, the city, and farmers. How did each of these sectors endeavor to find stability through a search for order through organization?

But early religious schisms were far less to blame for growing anti-semitism than the need to establish the roles of religious groups. Of course, this fabricated a new hierarchical system requiring condemnatory reasoning, so twelfth-century Christians spoke of an “ancient blood libel: that every year at Passover, Jews ritually slaughter Christian children and use their blood to bake matzo” a belief which persisted well into the twentieth century (Smith 18). Such sentiments were widespread throughout the Western World, and while they vacillated on intensity, the hierarchy failed to disperse despite the hopes of a new, modern world. Following the Enlightenment, modernity was expected to be a future of logic, reason, and liberties. Yet the twentieth century began with fermenting resentments of failed revolution and strong xenophobia as nationalist sentiments rose. Such bias created in Jews a sense of Otherness as “indigenous” Christians, Protestants and Catholics alike, looked to their shared history of Christendom as a cultural indicator of ethnicity traced back for hundreds of

Jews were guilty of “Blood Libel”, they were the killers of Jesus, who refused his love and would rather run to the arms of the anti-Christ or the Muslim invaders. The heavy Christian influence and the Crusades made it a dangerous time for Jews. To the Christian people of Europe the Jews became a venomous foe for which they could attack in the name of Christ. Ademar de Chabannes was a particularly fierce fighter against Jewish sacrilege.

Pankaj Mishra, an Indian essayist and novelist, once said, “As the 19th century progressed, Europe's innovations, norms and categories came to achieve a truly universal hegemony.” Ranging from the the topic that begins history books to the site of major tourists attractions, Europe, appears as number one on the list each time. Whether in 600 A.D. or the 21st century, Europe, to this day, leads the leaders of all. To elaborate, the entity of Europe, most prominently England, could and still can rule and surpass all others in the race of life. Through these strengths, they possess the ability to enlighten others with their workings and ways of life, in other words, their customs, traditions, and attitudes. Their cultivation of the masses worldwide can be viewed through the functioning of society present day and even in the past. In essence, the finest accomplishments of Europe get reflected in its artwork, namely literature. Through literature Europe, mostly England, expressed its ideals for the rest of the masses to accept. For instance, Oscar Wilde’s “The Importance of Being Earnest” and John Galsworthy's “A Man of Property” comprise of two major examples that characterized the ideals expressed in British society during the 19th century. While Galsworthy's work manifests controversial commentary on certain attitudes through depicting the specificities of one family, the Forsytes, Wilde, as clearly seen, prefers a more satirical

who has been seeing a ghost, and every time he has seen it a person

The first half of the 19th century was a time of sweeping changes. With transportation, and factories increasing, North America was in for a major upgrade. While all of those things are going on, the two regions that made up the growing nation was the North and South. These two sides were very different in their approach of lifestyle which would soon lead to conflicts. Two issues stood out more than others as the North and South headed towards civil war. One reason increase of tariffs and taxes the Congress placed on the south to ship goods to other countries. The other was the idea of keeping slavery in the country. The tariffs placed economic inequality between the northern states and the southern states.