Non Pharmacological Case Study

Purpose: The purpose of this speech is to persuade my audience that music can be used to help with stress as well as pain.  I want my audience to see that the use of music in everyday life is good for the mind, body and soul.  My central idea is that music is what can be used in the medical field as therapy use for pain, stress relief and in everyone’s everyday life.

There have been many studies on music, palliative care, and the effect that music could have on improving patient outcomes associated with pain. The studies that were examined all had a common theme - that music interventions were effective in decreasing pain level to some extent. While

For this example, we develop the question: In a pre-procedure setting, does listening to music help reduce the level of anxiety for adult patients undergoing a stressful procedure? The question falls into the clinical therapy category because it seeks to answer the question about the effectiveness of music. To find best practice, we search literature databases for recent experimental or quasi-experimental studies that are appropriate to the question (LoBiondo-Wood & Haber, 2014-a). The following articles show examples of research that examine the relationship between music and anxiety. Kim, Evangelista, and Park (2015) conducted an integrative review and meta-analysis that finds music intervention has a positive effect on reducing anxiety for patients on hemodialysis. Mohammadi, Mirhagher, Torabi, Mirsane, and Moradi (2014) conducted and randomized quasi-experimental study that shows a significant decrease in physiological parameters and anxiety levels in the trial group when compared to the control group. Thompson, Moe, and Lewis (2014) conducted a quasi-experimental study that finds a significant decrease in anxiety for patients who listen to music before surgery. It shows that the higher the level of anxiety, the greater the benefit from the

The benefit of stress reduction in brain patients cannot be dismissed because stress affects the patient position during immobilisation. Poor immobilisation for brain patients will lead to negative outcomes and reduce the possibility of survival (RCR, 2008). A pilot study examined the effect of music on the anxiety in 250 patients in an oncology waiting area using questionnaires (Cooper and Foster, 2008). 57% reported

Pain is one of the common symptoms that have numerous causes. The experience, severity and tolerance of pain vary from one person to other. Non- pharmacological and pharmacological management helps to control the pain. Non- pharmacological management may not be entirely efficient; therefore, people seek pharmacological treatment for effective pain management. Various medications are provided to the individual experiencing pain to relieve discomfort. The use of narcotics for treatment of pain has been increasing remarkably. According to Spine-health (2015), the uses of narcotics have risen sharply and have increased the role of addiction (para. 3). Nurses do fall in the trap of addiction for various reasons such as job stress, job work area or poor health conditions. Dufrene (2008) wrote, “Addiction is a chronic, inacurable, but treatable brain disease” (Understanding Addiction, para. 1). This paper explores the human health experience of a wonderful nurse who shared her hardship with all her heart. For confidentiality purpose, the individual will be referred to as Mrs. White. This paper scrutinizes what factors shaped Mrs. White’s overall health experience. Further, this paper focuses on abstract concepts that have stood out for me in relation to Mrs. Wright’s narrative such as coping, support and hope. This paper also includes my reflection and interpretation of the meaning of Mrs. Wright’s experience both personally and professionally.

Critique of the Effect of Complementary Music Therapy on the Patient’s Postoperative State Anxiety, Pain Control, and Environmental Noise Satisfaction Although I did not necessarily choose to critique this research article, I found it very interesting and applicable to my experience as a nursing student and informative to be able to use in my future clinical practices. I also have an interest in music, so I thought this article particular would be interesting to read and critique. Pain is a common feeling in human beings and anyway to lessen the experience I believe is worthy of investigative research. Research Problem The problem statement is clear and persuasive supported by findings on the subject stating that “unrelieved postoperative

Engwall (2009) defined pain as a "symptom and a warning that something is wrong in an organism” (p 370). Rathmell et al., (2006) maintained that fear of uncontrolled pain can be a traumatic situation for a patient undergoing surgery. Moreover, Pellino, et al (2005) sustained that “pain is a multidimensional experience, consisting of not only physical stimuli but also psychological interpretations of pain” (p. 182). Alleviating peri-operative pain is traditionally achieved with the use of pharmacological interventions. analgesia can incur undesirable side-effects like drowsiness, nausea and vomiting. Controlling the pain by complimenting analgesics with the use of non-pharmacological interventions, might ameliorate patients’ response to pain with fewer resultant side-effects. Thus, the need to evaluate the effect of non-pharmacological measures such as music, relaxation, hypnosis and others is highly solicited in the evolving heath system (Pyati & Gan, 2007).

Many nurses or other healthcare providers may be hesitant in utilizing music therapy for their patients but there are several documented studies providing the positive results of music therapy. One example provided by The Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing, demonstrated in a study using 60 pediatric patients ranging from one month through five years in comparing the effect of music therapy to that of chloral hydrate requiring EEG testing. The study highlighted the percentage of children who were able to complete the EEG was 50% using chloral hydrate and 97.1% using Music Therapy. This was the first study of its kind in quantifying and comparing the effects of music therapy. (Loewy, Hallan, Friedman, & Martinez, 2005, pp. 325-331)

The therapeutic effects of music have been demonstrated through numerous accounts, yet the examination of the extent of its capabilities has thus far been neglected. Music has certainly provided aid to individuals suffering from a number of ailments such as cancer, but these benefits may also be extended to people who do not necessarily require such assistance. Moreover, the beneficial effects music can have on critical areas such as sleep can significantly improve one’s life. As music and sleep quality have strong influences on one’s person, exposure to music during the process of sleep can significantly improve multiple facets of overall sleep quality, thus positively altering an individual’s cognitive capabilities and natural behavior when

This is a critical review of the article, “The Effect of Complementary Music Therapy on the Patient’s Postoperative State Anxiety, Pain Control, and Environment Noise Satisfaction”. This study was printed in the Medsurg Nursing Journal in October of 2013. The authors are Tressa Comeaux and Susan Steele-Moses. This critical review will analyze the experimental research paper in various aspects. The purpose of this critique is to determine if the author’s research

I have this theory that when it comes to music there is an unseen power which transforms. In in my life I have felt the influence of this power but it wasn't until the other day that I witnessed this power in action. It was through a procedure called Music Therapy where the method of treatment involves the patient listening to music. The element of music has a history of an intuitive connection that has psychologically been beneficial. Music therapy bands together the concept of music, mental health, psychological, and physiological benefits. With more examinations to estimate the advantages for this procedure more debate arises. Many are eager to

The idea that music can help alleviate pain is not surprising, since the right music can “soothes the soul.” Recently researchers set out to investigate the effects of music on pain and depression for people diagnosed with fibromyalgia, a disorder distinguished by extensive musculoskeletal pain, accompanied by fatigue, sleep, memory and difficulty in mood. The study published in Science Direct, consisted of 60 people who were randomly assigned to either a music intervention group or a control group. Those assigned to music intervention listened to music once a day for four consecutive weeks. Compared to the control group, the group that were assigned music experienced significantly less pain and fewer depressive symptoms.

The gate can be closed from inside using cognitive-behavioral methods, such as music listening, so that stimulus of pleasant music distracts thoughts from pain, relaxes muscles, evokes an affective response, and via a descending inhibitory system, closes the gate” (Vaajoki, et al.). Gate control is a theory about pain perception, which keeps pain from entering into the central nervous system. The participants in the study were voluntary and could withdraw at any time for any reason. Informed consent forms were given to each patient. A computer program for Windows SPSS 16.0 statistically analyzed quantitative data for the study. It was a mixed study of both quantitative and qualitative research and analysis. The study concluded positive results and provided statistical results as evidence, which is what nursing, has evolved into through the years as an evidenced based

Pain, increased weakness, decreased intake of food and fluid, altered breathing patterns are some physical symptoms often experienced by the terminally ill (Kouch, 2006 as cited in Leow, Drury & Poon, 2010). Treating pain in the terminally ill is very important and challenging for nurses. Therefore, it is important to use both pharmacologic and nonpharmacological methods to reduce pain. The ability of nurses to use music therapy as a nonpharmacological method to manage pain in the terminally ill is a phenomenon of great importance to nursing. Terminally ill in this literature refers to patients with cancer that have six months or less to live and patients that are hospice or are undergoing palliative care. This literature revealed that using a multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), significantly less posttest pain was reported in the music versus the control group. Cancer patients that listened to soft music in addition to using analgesics experienced increased compared to those using analgesics alone (Huang, Good, & Zauszniewski, 2010). Furthermore, statistical difference was noticed between the groups for mood level and oxygen saturation during live saxophone performance (Burrai, Micheluzzi, & Bugani, 2014). In addition, this research indicated that music may have a more positive effect on females and elderly than younger and more educated males (Chan, Chung, Chung, & Lee, 2008). The

According to the American Music Therapy Association (A.M.T.A.), music therapy is “the clinical and evidence-based use of music interventions to accomplish individualized goals within a therapeutic relationship by a credentialed professional who has completed an approved music therapy program.” As a generally new and upcoming industry, music therapy is often underestimated. By incorporating different areas of the brain, music can reduce stress, ease