Notes On Fingerprints And Fingerprints

In quadrants 1 and 2 how the amount and constituents of the fingerprint residue on the substrate affects the fingerprint image, is determined. In quadrant 1, excess sebum and moisture is first removed from the finger tips with the help of a clean cloth. In quadrant 2, fingertip is first wiped around the nose or forehead to create excess sebum. Quadrant 3 and 4 were used to compare the details between untreated and dusted fingerprint residues.

For over a century fingerprints have been one of the most used tools of forensic science. Fingerprints have been used to identify criminals of small crimes

Each individual gave five right thumb prints. Another advantage of this experimental design was that these fingerprints were not collected on the same day, even for the same individual. The purpose of this was to show that amino acids within a person can vary marginally day to day, but there is a noticeable difference between men and women. Also, the prints were deposited on the exact same surfaces which ensures a controlled environment. This would allow for more accurate testing without the presence of unwanted variables. The surfaces included a door knob, a desk, a chair, a bench, and a computer. All fingerprints were removed with polyethylene film.

In our current state, there are many classifications of fingerprints. A fingerprint is an individual characteristic because each finger has its own pattern. You will not find any fingers with the same pattern on them. During

FINGERPRINT EXPERIMENT2AbstractLatent print residue is a combination of many substances excreted from the body. Latent print residues may be left from natural sweat on the skin or from a contaminant such as motor oil, blood, ink, paint or some other form of dirt. They may exhibit only a small portion of the surface of a finger and may be smudged, distorted, overlapped by other prints from the same, or from different individuals, or all of these in combination. The factors that affect the quality or presenceof latent prints include the conditions involved between friction skin contact and the objects that are touched. Pre-transfer conditions describe the condition of the friction skin and the amount and type of residue on the skin; and are affected

Fingerprint residue is composed of endogenous amino acids, fatty acids, sterols, squalene and wax esters which change in concentration with time. Additionally, they create several intermediates and products which correspondingly change in concentration as they decompose and oxidize with time.

Latent fingerprints found at crime sights or else developed in the laboratory are categorized by examiners as patent, latent, or plastic impressions1. The word latent means hidden or unseen. Latent prints are undetectable until brought out with a physical, chemical and fuming process. The physical developer is a means to detect fingerprints on dry and wet, including paper articles, clay-based products and adhesive tapes. Ninhydrin is one of the most widely used chemical reagents for enhancement of latent finger print impressions on porous substrates. Nonporous surfaces do not absorb. These surfaces repel moisture and often appear polished. They include glass, metal, plastics, lacquered or painted wood, and rubber. Superglue (cyanoacrylate) fuming is the best example for such non-porous substrate analysis.

The first step in processing fingerprint evidence at a crime scene begins with documentation through the use of photography, sketches and detailed notes on the condition and disposition of the evidence. Often, latent prints can be used to establish the identity of a suspect or victim at a crime scene and can be considered as one of the most valuable forms of physical evidence. Processing evidence at a crime scene is a long, tedious process to ensure that delicate evidence, such as fingerprints can be preserved. When processing fingerprints, the location and condition of the print should be identified to determine the most appropriate technique for processing. There are two primary types of surfaces: porous and non-porous. Porous surfaces absorb fingerprint residue like paper, cardboard or unfinished wood. Conventional chemical techniques used on these types of surfaces include Silver Nitrate, Iodine Fuming, Ninhydrin and SuperGlue Fuming. Non-porous surfaces consist of plastics, glass, and metal. These prints are usually lifted with the powder dusting technique; however, caution should be used while processing latent print residue on non-porous surfaces as they can easily smear. Powdered latent prints are then lifted with tape. (Lee, & Gaesslen, 2001)

Fingerprints are usually fully formed by the 24th week of a pregnancy. Each one has a different pattern such as a whorl, loop, or an arch. No two fingerprints are alike, even identical twins don’t have the same fingerprints. The true purpose for fingerprints is unknown, but they are useful for identifying people ranging from crime scenes to crossing the border.

Finger-marks are known as a small print that can be left on any surface, each finger-mark is unique to an individual. There are multiple types of finger-marks the three main ones are known as a Whorl, Arch and Loops. The finger-marks are always photographed before being collected at a crime scene, there are several different types of techniques that are used to be able to lift the prints. There are hinge lifts, rubber lifts and cellophane tape.

“Fingerprint recognition is one of the divorce inference using the impressions made by the minute ridge formations or patterns found on the fingertips. No two people have exactly the same arrangement of the ridge patterns, and the remaining patterns of any one individual unchanged. Fingerprints infallible provide a means of personal identification. Other personal characteristics may change, but not fingerprints”. (1)

Fingerprints, known for each person to have unique ones, are made of a series of ridges and furrows on the

The most significant milestone in forensic science is the use of fingerprints in business transactions. People in accident Babylon used fingerprints because they are unique to every human being. The reason fingerprints are distinct to individuals is because they are formed when the bottom layer of the epidermis develops at the different rate than the rest of the skin, thus it buckles and tugs on the

Every time somebody touches something, they leave behind a unique signature that forever links them to that object. This link is their fingerprints, which are unique to every person, for no two people have the same set, not even family members or identical twins. Palms and toes also leave prints behind, but these are far less commonly found during crime scene investigations. Therefore, fingerprints provide an identification process that is applicable to background checks, biometric security, mass disaster identification, and most importantly, crime scene investigations. Fingerprints are so differentiated because they are made up of distinct patterns of ridges and furrows on the fingers. The ridges are the “raised” portions of the prints, and the furrows are the “recessed” portions. This perceived uniqueness has led some people to falsely accept fingerprint analysis as absolute scientific fact. Although overall fingerprints are reliable, there are definitely situations where their accuracy can come into question.

Fingerprints are formed during the first, third to fourth months of fetal development. While growing (in the womb) the fingerprint and the ridges will expand. A fingerprint stays the same from when