During the American War of Independence, 13 colonies contributed and fought for an ideal country of liberty and independence against Great Britain. Although the fourteenth colony, Nova Scotia was an exception as they refused to join the Revolution. Many factors contribute to the neutrality of the popDuring the American War of Independence, 13 colonies contributed and fought for an ideal country of liberty and independence against Great Britain. Although the fourteenth colony, Nova Scotia was an exception as they refused to join the Revolution. Many factors contribute to the neutrality of the population such as religious influence, lack of, and economic ties.
Firstly, Nova Scotia’s attitude during the Revolution was extremely diverse due to
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Their indecisive commitment kept them in between the two sides as they would “patiently wait, aloof from the conflict, until they were either “liberated” by the Americans or absolutely certain that the British would retain effective control of Nova Scotia.” (qtd in Bennett pg 135) Neutrality had many benefits including increased trade with the British forces for the Halifax merchants, as Bennett states “Material incentive and the prospect of war profits secured the vocal support and loyalty of some Nova Scotians”. (qtd in Bennett 142). Most people were heavily reliant on the British Navy for protection and continued to supply British troops for their own benefits. (Bennett 142) Also, Halifax was the center of a large British naval and military base. As Wilms states “the strong military presence made it virtually impossible for any sort of active revolution.” (qtd in Wilms) Although their influence did not stretch across all of the settlements the base provided simple trade and protection from warfare. This influenced many to stay neutral even if their fundamental beliefs had most likely lied with the rebels. (Bennett 139)
Overall, based on multiple influences Nova Scotia decided to reside in the American Revolution and stay neutral. Their lack of influence on the war was largely determined by spiritual revival, economic salvation and independent ideology. In our modern society most citizens would go to extraordinary lengths to protect loved ones, which is very similar to the Scotians. Some going against basic beliefs they ultimately chose to benefit themselves. Although not taking the risk may have eliminated the chance to create new identities and move into a new era built directly on their own
With the American offences being stopped, and heroic men coming forth, Canadian nationalism was on the rise. Since most of the war had been fought in Upper Canada, retaining of the vast majority was as much a moral victory as a material one. The end of the war brought significant immigration from the United States into Upper and Lower Canada. Canadians resented this because they still regarded Americans as the enemy. Being banded together in the War of 1812 forced the people of the Canadas to feel as though they were a unified nation. The English-speaking Canadians could better understand the French-speaking Canadians and vice
Due to the bitter rivalries of their mother countries, the two sides also had a strong feels of animosity against one another. This animosity was furthered when the French surrendered New France. This cession of French territory to the British occurred after the French and Indian Wars of the mid 18th century; specifically after the treaty of Paris in February 20th of 1763. The essential annexation brought about much anger within the French. This was illustrated during the highlights of the Patriote movement (the rebellions of 1837 and 1838) and the secession of New France to become British. These events, along with prior rivalry with Britain and its colonies brought forth a substantial amount of Francophone nationalism. Though the rebellion was also caused by famine and poverty on some level, it was the strong French nationalism was the spark that brought about Canada’s first “civil war.”
A decision had to be made. Newfoundland was in a position to make a choice for their future as a self-governing dominion, a british-governing dominion, or a maritime province as a part of Canada. Newfoundland chose to join the confederation of Canada, and it was quite necessary to do so. Newfoundland was already a dominion that stood outside of Canada, however could not exist on its own because of its lack of sustainability and ability to grow. Therefore, it was very necessary for Newfoundland to join the confederation of Canada.
Another reason that Canada is said to have lost this war is that the war hit Upper Canada the hardest. The Niagara Peninsula was taken by the Americans and they idealized that it could be used as a sort of base for them. Instead, guerilla warfare ensued, which to this day Americans are reluctant to mention. York was burned by Americans. It is believed that Upper Canada only survived the war because of the tremendous support from the British forces. This may be true, but without the British, the Canadians would not have been in the war to begin with. Upper Canada was also changed dramatically in terms of economics. Farms became
Firstly, many groups of colonies worked in isolation because of different incentives. However during the War of 1812, the small communities from different locations of British North America united, securing relations. Prior to the war, many settlers in Upper Canada did not feel loyal to Great Britain. Some were United Empire Loyalists, who had arrived from the North after the American Revolution and believed that they would support and fight alongside with the Americans instead of British North America. Others were American and had felt no connection towards the Crown. But when the declaration for the war was given, both Upper and Lower Canada united and came together collectively to fight against a common enemy, for the sake of their land. The Montreal Gazette editor reports on the entire population of the city coming together to defend its frontier:
Canada, at the time had been ruled by Great Britain. In Document C, a Congressman of Virginia with name of John Randolph complains that the United States principal purpose to going war is to take over Canada. H explains that the United States leaders are rather selfish and greedy and how it seems to be the leading cause of going into war. According to the text in Document C it states, “…if you go to war it would not be for the sake of… Maritimes right” and, “… Canada seems to be their tempting sight.”. This explains that John thinks that all the United Sates only care is for more land. However, this statement is not very true. The United States did care about gaining more land but wasn’t the only matter that led Americans to declare the War of 1812. This would also play into National Pride being something proud American citizens can heroically boast and brag about. Gaining land in Canada can be a major accomplishment for the United Sates and could be a great example of National
Their reasons for becoming Loyalists were as varied as their backgrounds. Some had strong ties with Britain: others had simply supported what turned out to be the losing side. Local incidents, fear of change, self-interest, political principles, emotional bonds - all of these influenced their decision to remain loyal to the Crown. As American Revolutionary War raged on, the Loyalists became increasingly worried about their future as it became evident that the cause of independence was going to succeed. Many of them began to scrutinize sailing for Britain while many others considered alternative British Colonies as a destination for resettlement.
The optional terms included Britain ceding all of Canada to the United States, British payment for damage caused by British military action, a formal apology by Parliament admitting that Britain was wrong to have caused the war, and allowing American ships and merchants to have the same rights and privileges of commerce as their British counterparts within the British Empire” ( US National Park Service - After Yorktown). The rebels want a lot from British. They are asking a rudentant amount from the british. They want them to give up their land and have none of their soldiers in the united states. This matters because the British will become very weak.
History Inquiry Project - Red River Expedition (Wolseley Expedition) Questions: How will the Canadian government take responsibility for taking over the metis land? How did The Red River Expedition affect Canada? Why was the Canadian government interested in capturing Louis Riel?
The colonists would have been willing to pay money for their defense. However, they wanted a voice in making decisions on how much and the way in which they would be taxed. Had the British understood the colonists' needs and found a way to give the colonies representation in the British parliament the Revolutionary War may never have occurred.
The War of 1812 is a significant event in the formation of Canada and was considered the "seedtime" of the British Canadian Nationalism. Many incidents lead to the outbreak of the war. Some of which were caused by a series of economic sanctions imposed by the British against the United States and the lasting effects of the Napoleonic Wars. Conflict over the Western posts enraged the Americans due to the fact that it would halt their expansion. The British refused to leave these areas because they believed they weren’t receiving the compensation they deserved and instead stayed in these areas to maintain the French fur trading posts. The Napoleonic wars lead to ‘The Chesapeake incident of 1812’ as the British were ‘stealing’ American citizens.
The first thing to remember is that there was a multitude of factors for supporting Great Britain and essentially becoming a Loyalist. At the
After the Seven Years War known as the French and Indian War, the colonist were loyal to England but due to some conflicts that the colonist did not agree with England led them to fight. In the 1770s, Britain had established a numerous of colonies in North America. The colonist looked at themselves as subject of King George III and Britain.
Rupert’s Land and The Maritimes would not support confederation. Firstly St. Rupert’s Land wouldn't support confederation because this would result in decreased supply of their main food source. St. Rupert’s Land main source of food is buffalo and with the settlers coming this is decreasing the population making buffalo harder to hunt therefore harder to eat. By joining confederation more settlers will come and hunt buffalo for sport making it more scarce and make the possible extinction of buffalo a reality, forcing the people of St.Rupert’s land to find a new source of food. Not only would buffalo become more scarce but since more settlers would come, more foreign diseases that would cause alarm would come into place. Secondly I think that The Maritimes wouldn't support Confederation because they are already strong without it. The Maritimes already have strong and established colleges, academics, doctors, stores, and fishing industry. Therefore confederation wouldn't benefit them because they don't need any economic help or protection. Also they consider themselves British and they may have a problem adapting to Canadian identity/nationality. Joining Confederation could also result in B.N.A changing their religion to christianity so joining confederation could do more harm then good. In conclusion, Canada West and Canada East are more likely to support Confederation and St.Rupert’s Land and The Maritimes
Graeme Garrad, author of the article and a senior lecturer in history at Cardiff University evokes the event of War of 1812. He writes a beautiful article entitled “The saviour of Canada” which was printed in the journal History today in October 2012. This article is about how Canada defended Britain from United States in the War of 1812. He tells about the consequences of the war and describes how Canada helped Britain. I am going to review his article on the basis of language, images, content, facts, His style of writing, how he concluded the argument, what title lead us to expect from the article, bias or not.