2) MAP Estimator:\\
MLE can sometimes result in parameter estimates of zero, if the data does not happen to contain any training samples satisfying the condition in the numerator. To avoid this, it is common to use a “smoothed” estimate which effectively adds in a number of additional “hallucinated” samples, and which assumes these hallucinated examples are spread evenly over the possible values of $X^j$, or equivalently a MAP estimate based on a Dirichlet prior over the each parameters assuming equal priors on each parameter. And especially using Laplace Smoothing then we can get:
\begin{equation}\label{parameter1MAP}
\hat{\pi_c}=\frac{\sum_{j=1}^S\mathbbm{1}(Y^j=c)+1}{S+\sum_{k=1}^{C}1}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}\label{parameter2MAP}
…show more content…
\item Linear Regression \cite{c9}\cite{c10}\\
Linear regression is an approach for modeling the relationship between a scalar dependent variable Y and explanatory variables (or independent variables) denoted X. Function $f(X,W)=Y$ (shown below) can be learned to predict future values.
\begin{equation}\label{eq:linear regression}
Y=f(X,W)=W_0+W_1X+W_2X^2+...+W_MX^M=\underline{W}^T\underline{X}
\end{equation} where M is the degree of polynomial. $W_i$ is the polynomial
Science peer review is important with the role that it plays in the experiment. It helps confirm the research, establish a method to be evaluated, and increase different kinds of possibilities within research groups. There are three types of peer review such as single blind, double blind and open review. Single blind is where only the participate doesn’t know if they are in the controlled group or treatment. Double blind is when both the participate and the experimenter are kept in the dark. An open blind is where both sides
All three of the policies are in some way a little bit different than the current system in place in New York. Delaware uses a three-tier system that allows the state and local government to share the responsibility of making decisions regarding distribution. Tier 1 provides funding for the cost for such things as teachers salaries and their benefits. In addition, this Tier determines the amount of money needed per pupil, meaning that the number of students in the district determines the amount of funds that a district received. Tier II: this is the amount of money given to the district by the state to cover such things as schools supplies, building maintenance and utilities. Tier III: this is the fund, provided to the districts base on their pupil number, and this helps to equalize things between poor and wealthy districts.
The formula refers to an empty cell, were no data is available for computing the formula. Sometimes people enter N/A in a cell as a placeholder to signal the fact that data is not entered yet. Revise the formula or enter a number or formula in the empty cells.
While sitting at my desk in a classroom overflowing with colorful decorations, my 1st grade classmates and I were taught how to add and subtract. At that moment, I had no idea that numbers would soon become one of the biggest factors in my life. Before I knew it, my journey as a number on a sheet of paper began. From third grade to my senior year of high school, I have been tested in every way, shape, and form and compared to kids all around the country. My test scores decided if I was able to move on to the next grade, what classes I took, and will soon factor into what college I will be attending. Those numbers have seemingly been the determinant in how successful I have been academically and how successful I am expected to be. Numbers even
Hadoop \cite{white2012hadoop} is an open-source framework for distributed storage and data-intensive processing, first developed by Yahoo!. It has two core projects: Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) and MapReduce programming model \cite{dean2008mapreduce}. HDFS is a distributed file system that splits and stores data on nodes throughout a cluster, with a number of replicas. It provides an extremely reliable, fault-tolerant, consistent, efficient and cost-effective way to store a large amount of data. The MapReduce model consists of two key functions: Mapper and Reducer. The Mapper processes input data splits in parallel through different map tasks and sends sorted, shuffled outputs to the Reducers that in turn groups and processes them using a reduce task for each group.
Nexon Group, March 04, 2015, Interior design business has grown-up lots over the years. It is competently advancing continuing technical advances to supply you enriching living skill every occasion. You possibly will discover frequent ideas & solutions in the market to improve your space. Every of these goods truly praise your interiors. The enormous product collection offered these days includes cover intended for the floors, walls, ceilings, as well as windows of your home place. The complete speaks of superiority providing life time use benefits toward the users. Each item obtainable is made from cautiously selected as well as time tested supplies as per international business parameters for excellence.
After completing this assignment, I feel as though the way I think and my outlook on certain things has changed in small, yet significant ways. For example, one of the most interesting myths, myth 28 (There’s Safety in Numbers), has changed the way I will react in situations of emergency. Having the awareness of the tendency to ignore someone in need when in a crowd will help me to overcome that tendency and actually help. I also found myths 15 (IQ Tests Are Biased against Certain Groups of People) and 20 (Researchers Have Demonstrated That Dreams Possess Symbolic Meaning) very interesting. I held some belief that dreams meant something more than just the random occurrences we see, so knowing they hold no insight into our minds and psyches makes me feel less distrait. As for myth 15, I simply found it amazing that so many people would rather blame the IQ tests for the inconsistencies in scores, rather than look deeper and take responsibility for the social disadvantages and prejudices against groups.
A scenario such as csrss.exe running at high CPU on one xp user profile can occur along with many others such as Explorer.exe causes 100% CPU Usage, "explorer.exe" demanding nearly 25% of total CPU time and such a high usage is caused by explorer.exe for a minute after every login or during the process of File Transfer, so if you want to prevent keep getting CPU usage around 100%, all you need to do is to invest in MAX UTILITIES.
Interference: When two devices try to access the same WAP and their signals “collide” and cancel each other out. None of the devices manages to fully connect because of it.
I will start by addressing the issues with the Chemistry Department, which is the area that handles most of the hazardous materials. The first thing I will do here, with the help of a competent person, will be to conduct an extensive inventory of all the chemicals present at this department, including the chemicals at the new Forensic Department, also keeping in mind that some of these chemicals could be used at other departments within the facility. Along with the inventory, and with the help of a competent person from the warehouse or from the Administration office, I will research the Safety Data
I am currently under academic warning, recognized as a bachelor’s student rather than an honour. Including the 30 transfer credits received from Trent University, I have 84 credits completed + 3 credits partially completed from ADMS 3330 of which is currently in process this summer term 2015. If my failing grade for ADMS 2510 is not dropped the 90 credits will be completed with a GPA below 5.0. I do not want to graduate as a bachelor’s student rather my dream and goal is to graduate as honours completing 120 credits. It will not be difficult for me to achieve this goal next year, since the parental disorders I was fluctuating with has been resolved, in other words I am now living with one parent happily. With a relaxed mind I have made goals
My father is a senior design hardware engineer, and consequently he works with many software engineers. For an eighth grade project, I interviewed one of my father’s coworkers, where I learn some of the kinds of projects that software engineers work on. I wanted to get a feel for programming to see if I would like it, which is why when I was a sophomore in high school, I enrolled in an online coding course called introduction to computer science.
Base on data that my field placement teacher had already collected, I decided to review with the students over Perfect Verb Tense. This is one concept that a lot of the students had a problem grasping the first time and with the Georgia Milestones coming up, they needed some more practice. I know that most of my students are EIP students, so I picked a video to start with as a refresher and then went straight into a review game to keep the students interested in the lesson. Then from there, I picked activities that I knew the students could have fun with base on the interests of my students, activities I’ve seen them play with before, and base on what they are struggling with. For example, the foldable activity is a great activity for my EIP
$\bm{\nu}: \mathds{R}^+ \to \mathds{R}^n$ is a bounded piecewise continuous measurement noise vector that has a bounded derivative,
The organization and structure of a website could either add to the success of the website’s mission statement or it could take away from the overall success of the website. Aspects that could influence the website’s effectiveness include: appeal, range of offerings, accessibility, efficiency, and the website’s ease of use. On the website’s “About Us” page, the mission is stated: “Education World is a complete online resource that teachers, administrators and school staff can visit each day to find high-quality and in-depth original content. We update the site daily, offering: Carefully curated news briefs on topics that matter to educators, Lesson plans, printables, worksheets