Governing of equations includes the equations related to first law of thermodynamics for steady flow processes within a control volume with multiple inlets and outlets. It can be expressed through the mass and energy rate balance equations. The mass balance equation for each component of the power plant is presented in Eq. 1. where m ̇ is the mass flow rate and the subscripts in and out refer to the inlet and outlet, respectively. Energy balance equation (First law of thermodynamics) for each component of the power plant is presented in Eq. 2.
When the environment is in equilibrium, it has a minimum potential energy (mgz) and a zero speed (v=0), so kinetic and potential energy changes are omitted and it reduced to Eq. 3. where Q ̇ is the heat transfer rate to the control volume, W ̇ is the work given out per unit time and h is the enthalpy. Exergy balance equation (second law of thermodynamics) for each part of the power plant is presented with Eq. 4. where e is the specific exergy and E ̇_D is the exergy loss rate.E ̇_Q and W ̇are the exergy rates due to the heat input and mechanical energy, respectively.E ̇_Q is defined as Eq. 5. where T is the absolute temperature and the subscripts j and o refer to
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In refueling process, with mean period of 1-year, a third of the fuel assemblies are replaced with fresh ones. The fuel reload is conducted before the starting up of the power plant. Consequently, the nuclear reactor could be assumed as a steady system in its operating periods. Nevertheless, in this study for simplicity of the analysis, it is assumed that thermal energy generates at a constant and steady rate from the fission reaction of the fuel. The generated fission energy, En, can be approximated by the following equations [24,4]. In Eq. 17, the k is the Boltzmann constant that is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro
Levels of Conceptual Interoperability Model in 2003 list downs six levels of interoperability clearly. Beginning with Level0 is also known as standalone system there is no interoperability at all. Next to that there exist level 1 interoperability characterized by provision for exchange of bytes and bits of data. The main feature of level 2 syntactic interoperability is that it allows a common data format but the meaning of data can’t be retrieved. Level 3 is so called semantic interoperability allows the mutual sharing and availability of data for interpretation. Level 4 described as pragmatic interoperability know the exact meaning of exchanged information. Level5 or dynamic interoperability can make changes in data as time passes. Level 6 conceptual interoperability is higher level where system well versed with the information of
Our purpose in this lab was to create four solutions of the same components and different concentration. I found the concentration in Molarity (mol/liter). I would dilute a solution to create new solutions, using the formula M1xV1=M2xV2 where M=molarity and V=volume. In this lab, there were four solutions, Solution A, Solution B, Solution C, and Solution D. The solute or substance that dissolves was sugar and the solvent or substance that the solute dissolves in was water. For Solution A, I weighed 3.42 g sugar and diluted to 100 mL to get a concentration of 0.10 M and the color of bright red. For Solution B, I weighed 0.342 g sugar and diluted to 100 mL to get a concentration of 0.010 M and the color of pink. For Solution C, I measured 10
Lab one introduces the basic concepts and processes of remote sensing and gives a better understanding of multiband images, color compositing, and contrast enhancement. The following were the objectives for the lab to help introduce these concepts and processes:
To calculate the effective diameter of the particles, we use Equation 1 provided below. To determine the effective diameter of the particles, we needed to have the hydrometer readings and temperature for each time taken, as well as using the Coefficient of temperature adjustment table provided in Appendix 3 and the Hydrometer 152H length readings in Appendix 4. To able to determine the Percent Finer for Hydrometer, we use Equation 2 provided below as well as Equation 3 for the Dry Weight of Soil provided below. For Equation 2, we also need the Specific Gravity correction for percent finer table to be able to solve Equation 2. The Specific Gravity correction for percent finer table is provided in Appendix 5. Furthermore, to determine the total
The first and for most important question is; how much money does the company have. Is the company capable to pay a large sum upfront for the equipment or only small payments each month?
The new structure has been given a grant to make its network state of the art by making it a fiber optic network. The topics of discussion that will be mentioned in this paper are the hardware that will be necessary for the inside and outside of the building and how we would expand the fiber to an adjacent building if it is built. Another topic to be discussed will be describing the safety procedures that will be following during the installation.
The dell optical mouse is compatible with almost any system that has a USB port. The dell mouse is mostly good recommended for the office and home use. Dell mouse is good choice to the administrative department of
1) Decompress the APK packages of old version and the new one of an application.
Questions 1, a and b answers: As we know (also shown in Figure 1 of this paper), the mixing vanes in the fuel assembly are not symmetric and the flow pattern might not be periodic or cyclic, so it is impossible or extremely difficult to extract information out of any “free boundary” 1x2 section from experimental data taken under the 5x5 bundle test geometry and use this information to benchmark CFD modeling of a 1x2 channel without any convincing justification of how the boundary (or missing boundary) effect is handled. The challenge is how to apply the data obtained within a 5x5 assembly without a 1x2 confined flow boundary to
Perform these steps for each & every cluster. SELECT_CLUSTERHEAD (n, S) Begin: Step1. Let we have a set S of n nodes in a cluster viz. S= {S1, S2, S3… Sn} Step2.
The receiving overhead per unit of Flow Controllers produced = (0.78 X 20,000)/ 4000 = $3.9
The Wheaton Sanitary District is already using a state of the art monitoring system to track status and record the measurement of the key plant operational equipment. The Supervisory Control and Data Access (SCADA) system interfaced with the plant equipment provides, the operation team, a real time data on the key components of the plant 's equipment. SCADA allows operational team to open, close or adjust equipment parameters to archive maximum efficiency to meet the peak demand. According to Russell and Taylor (2014), the size and complexity of the problem makes the decision making often difficult. Further, the flow is controlled by a bottleneck, so any resource should spend no time on non-productive activities, but must have material to work on to overcome the theory of constrain and the focus should be of automation efforts. SCADA does allow automation and the data collected from SCADA helps aeration optimization for scheduling which will ultimately reflect any capacity limitations. The new high energy turbo blowers save 30% energy to mix and aerate the tanks (Poole, Neighbors, Green, Baert, Sosnowski, and Wold, 2012) and the control flow provides additional saving with no additional capital cost. The real time monitoring and the dissolved oxygen (D.O.) measuring in the aeration tanks allows a development of a new plant control strategies to optimize the system performance thus consuming less power.
Firstly, due to the increase in automation; there are improvements to programming logic controllers (PLC’s), instrumentation devices, and emergency shut down (ESD) devices (Payne, 2014). Therefore, these improvements all contribute to a safer operation of a nuclear power plant, since there are more process feedback devices, and methods to control the process. Which, give the operator more information at the panel, allowing them to make more informed decisions when operating the plant (Payne, 2014).
j is number of equipment used in construction for specific construction element. i is number of equipment used in transportation process on site. 〖Cons〗_Avg is average consumption of certain equipment (liters/hour). Working hours are number of working hours of certain equipment (8 hours per day). Act_work is percentage that the equipment will actually works. γ_Diesel is density of diesel. CEF is carbon emission factor. The density of diesel
The 4*110MW power electricity is produced at the station using four different units. Each unit generates 110MW power. The arrangement of each unit is same. Since it is a thermal power plant, coal is used as the main source of energy. This coal is mainly supplied from the Dhanbad(Bihar) and other places.Generated electricity is supplied to following station:-