The Book of Exodus
INTRODUCTION
Critical investigations into the Bible have revealed nuances and subversions which go beyond the mere didactic nature the text displays in a preliminary surface reading. The book of Exodus, the second book of the Torah and the Old Testament, begins with a depiction of Israel's servitude in Egypt and God choosing Moses to move Israel out of that servitude. The Pharaoh resists the purposes of God, and God responds by sending plagues on Egypt that culminate with the death of the firstborn and deliverance at the sea. Israel saves itself from this through the Passover and then journeys to Sinai. At Sinai, Israel receives the Ten Commandments and the covenant relationship is established. While Moses is receiving instructions from God on Sinai with respect to the designs for the tabernacle, Israel rebels by building the golden calf. Moses intervenes successfully on behalf of Israel, and
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5.2) receives a response in the form of the plagues that teach him about this God. Nowhere is this clearer than “And in very deed for this cause have I raised thee up, for to shew in thee my power; and that my name may be declared throughout all the earth.” (Exodus 9.16) . If the God was all-mighty and powerful, he could have easily used his capacity to eliminate the Pharaoh from the scene. The Pharaoh is still alive and the plagues continue so that God can show his power and so that his name may be proclaimed. The plagues did indeed achieve this purpose of evoking his power from his name.
So the plagues tell us that God is powerful, unique and the only one in whose hands rests the salvation of the people. The repeated demand of God echoed by Moses in his prophetic utterances "Let my people go so they may worship me" (Exodus. 9.1) reveals his intention to make room for a people who can worship him and devote themselves to him. His decision to act on Israel’s behalf reveals his clear intention to judge
God calls Moses to be the Israelites deliverer. This is a man who ran from Egypt because he killed an Egyptian and was content to spend his life as a shepherd. But God had different plans for Moses because the Lord uses the most imperfect people and empowers them to do his will. The Lord met with Moses and called him to deliver his people but Moses wanted to argue with God because Moses did not believe he was the right choice. Moses argued he was not the best choice because
Before he returned, God gave him powers which proved the Jews that Moses had been appointed by God. The pharaoh refused to release the slaves. So God sent ten plagues over Egypt. Moses told the pharaoh what will happen, but instead of agreeing, the pharaoh rejected and made the slaves work even harder. The ten plagues were: 1. The water of the Nile River turned into blood. 2. Lots of frogs swarmed the Nile River. 3. Every dust turned into bugs. 4. Hordes of wild animals rushed Egypt, the animals wrecked everything in their path. 5. Live stocks were cursed with deadly diseases. 6. Boils over Egypt. 7. Thunderstorms of hails dropped from the sky. 8. Locusts covered Egyptian sky and ground. 9. Egypt had three totally dark days with absolutely no light. 10. All the Egyptian firstborns were killed. The plagues climaxed during the murdering of sons of Egyptians. The pharaoh finally let the Jews leave after his own son got killed because of the last
The Old Testament is the largest part of the bible nestled behind the leather binding in the front of the book. Unlike most books, told from one-person or even two this is comprised of multiple, some stories even having two different versions in another point of view; over time it has become a large collection of ancient texts written and re-written by different authors and editors over the many years. The stories show the ancient Israelites, they show the laws, and rituals, which make up their religion and the small embers, which will one day, turn to a flame that is Christianity. The Jewish people view these stories as collected in what they call the Torah, is the collection for what makes up their history and the promise that God gave to them, as well as their laws and what they worship today. For the Christians the Old Testament is still seen as sacred, but most place a stronger importance to the New Testament.
Throughout Exodus, God constantly tries to instill fear in Pharaoh and the Egyptians in order to prove that he is the Almighty, powerful God. However, despite being the creator of the universe, it is not so easy for God to prove to his creations that he should be worshipped. When trying to free the Israelites from their enslavement by Pharaoh and the Egyptians, God struggles to convince Pharaoh to release the Israelites. His difficulty in persuading Pharaoh causes him to cast ten plagues on the Egyptians to torture them until they become weak and decide to let the Israelites go. However, these plagues seem more like a cry out for people to notice him and acknowledge his power. God’s inability to control his own creations establishes his weakness
This lead the reader question why God did not provide defined rules, or expectations, prior to the commandments? Previous covenants focused on God’s obligations: to not destroy mankind again and to provide Abraham offspring and the land of Canaan, whereas Exodus focused on Israelite responsibilities (p. 114). In the end, the reader found Exodus a “rite of passage” that displayed God’s trust in the Israelites and a formalized relationship with God.
The Hebrew Exodus has had people debating its plausibility for quite some time. From scholars to regular students, people have been trying to prove or disprove the Hebrew Exodus, either with facts or belief. Despite the strong evidence against the Exodus, many will choose to believe in it anyway. My personal belief of the Hebrew Exodus, is that it didn’t happen. It’s hard to believe the Exodus happened when the historical findings are non-existent. The Exodus events haven’t made it into recorded history, which was well kept by Egyptians, they also haven’t left anything to be found in the Sinai Desert, and has chronological errors.
According to Wikipedia, "No evidence has been found that indicates Egypt ever suffered such a demographic and economic catastrophe [as the Exodus] or that the Sinai desert ever hosted (or could have hosted) these millions of people and their herds." and that "The consensus among biblical scholars today is that there was never any exodus of the proportions described in the Bible." but is this true?
God narrative flow hears the Israelites moaning and groaning, so He emergence Moses an Egyptian to be the leader of faith in Egypt. God narrative plan continues perfectly for Him that His promise for every generation is fulfilled in the earth and among covenant with Abraham, Jacobs, and Isaac families. Fretheim study highlights the main events of God structure plan for Israelites journey through Exodus concerning Moses as their leader. God engage His divine plan for the covenant law, “the Ten Commandments on Mt. Sinai” (106). Exodus flows with several phenomena events taken place “the Passover and the feast of unleavened bread, the Red Sea crossing, and giving of the law at Mt. Sinai” for the people of Israel to recognized God constitutive foundation establishment for ongoing communities of faith (101-102). God capture Moses attend through a burning bush. Moses, Moses, God calls take off your sandals you are standing Holy ground and Moses reluctantly said this is I God informs Moses to go and demand Pharaoh to let the Israelites go free. Fretheim reflects that “God actions are because of Pharaoh disobedience to the will of His creation of a
The history of Israel recorded in The Torah covers approximately 1800 years, and presents a powerful record of God's promises, miracles, blessings and judgments. Through the greatest series of miracles presented in the Jewish Scriptures, God brings the people of Israel out of 400 years of slavery in Egypt. It is this event that Jewish believers view as the miraculous origin of the nation of Israel, the act of redemption that Israelites look back upon throughout biblical history as the ultimate sign of God's love and care for His people. Once God redeems His people out of Egyptian bondage, He establishes a bilateral covenant with them at Mount Sinai. It is here that God delivers His Law, referred to in The Torah as Aseret ha-D'varim, in two separate books; once in Exodus and twice in Deuteronomy (Ex. 34:28, Deut. 4:13 and Deut. 10:4). It is also where God promises blessings for obedience and judgment for disobedience.
Once out of Egypt, Moses splits the Red sea at God’s command and takes his people across, and also is the demise of the Pharaoh’s army. The Jews are now wandering the desert until they camp at the foot of an mountain. It is at this time when Moses goes up onto the Mountain for a couple of days and comes down with the Ten Commandments form God. This is an
arts similar to the magicians of the Pharaoh, brought all of the same plagues upon Egypt as God did, they would too be morally evil. Unlike God, the magician would be charged and executed.
The Law of Moses, or Moses’s Law refers to the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, sometimes call the Pentateuch, or Torah which is a central reference of Judaism. Of the covenants found in the Pentateuch are Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. These books contained the laws and instruction given by the Lord to Moses which establishes Israel as a nation. All five of the books are believed to be written by Moses himself, with the exception of Deuteronomy. There is controversy as to who did complete Deuteronomy as it could have not been completed by Moses in its entirety, because it tells the story of his death. While it is evident that the books of the Bible were written from Deuteronomy to Revelation, the agreement, or Covenant with God originates here with the Law of Moses.
The first 39 books of the larger work called the Bible, is called the Old Testament. The Bible itself is arguably the best selling and most read book of all time, yet it’s well known to be quite challenging to read through and understand. The Old Testament portion of the Bible, notably the most difficult portion of the Bible for most to study and follow, yields 39 books from multiple authors, and spans over 4000 years of crucial world and church history. If that were not enough to take on, the Old Testament comes our way through multiple styles of authorship and formats, including but not limited to, books of history, law, proverbs, ethics,
The book of exodus is divided in to two main parts; A first part tells the story of God’s rescue of people of Israel from Egypt and his bringing them to mount Sinai (Chaps. 1-19), and a second part describes his covenant with them, made as they encamped at mount Sinai (Chaps. 20-40). Exodus is a book which talks about the rescue from human bondages and bondage from sins. The text of the book of Exodus is on the whole rather well preserved in the Masoretic tradition. Moses spent almost thirty nine years to write Exodus. We can reasonably think that he wrote this book for the second postexodus generation, the ones who were preparing themselves to enter the promise land. There are basically six themes which exodus talks about: Bondage-Deliverer-The Law-Sacrifice-The Tabernacle-Presence-Continuation-Anticipation. In this paper we will be discussing about the laws which was made to
God again speaks to Moses during the Golden Calf incident and its aftermath, as recorded in Exodus 32-34. In Exodus 32, God reveals that He is just, but also compassionate. He did not wipe out the entire Israelite nation as they deserved; moreover, He later called Aaron to be the high priest of the tabernacle, even though he had led the people in the rebellion against God in Exodus 32. Later,