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Operation Enduring Freedom: Army Aviation Analysis

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This paper details the evolution of Army Aviation TTP’s, training, and capabilities through Operation Enduring Freedom. It does this by dissecting Army Aviation in the 1990s in an attempt to establish where Aviation was as a force prior to September 2001. This foundation allows for a comparison of standards accepted at the time and then during the war in Afghanistan. The document then delves into Army Aviation as it evolved throughout OEF to meet the stringent demands of the ground force. In doing so, an analysis of Army Aviation can be attained from over two decades of sustained operations.

Introduction
Where were you on September 11, 2001? This question instantly brings to mind many emotions and memories for Americans citizens. The terrorist …show more content…

Enemy fighters would often mask themselves in caves and high ground that gave them survivability over the American technological advantage. Using the same tactics that they successfully employed against the Soviets two decades prior, Taliban combatants mined possible LZs, practiced overrunning LZs being air assaulted, utilized massing fires of small arms and RPGs against helicopters, and liked to stand in close proximity with friendly forces to keep helicopter gunships from firing in fear of fratricide (Baran, 2015). For this reason, fighting conventionally did not work and the tactics shifted to Vietnam style attack support. Some high altitude locations, requiring greater aircraft lift capability, made Apache hovering fire near to impossible. Eliminating the enemy with effective CCA required diving fire techniques in power limited environments. In addition, UH and CH communities flew low level altitudes to avoid detection and more technical weapon systems designed to take out aircraft at high altitudes. In OEF, lift assets had to offset from small arms and RPG fire by flying at higher altitudes. This reduced risk of flying into obstacles, workload, and stress, but also made detecting the enemy harder. Many lift assets had a difficult time adjusting to higher altitudes and some that did became complacent that high altitudes would keep them safe from threats, but that assertion proved deadly too. The better of two evils kept the majority of the lift community flying at higher altitudes then in the 1990s (Baran, 2015). In addition, flying at night was valued and used in OEF more than at any other time in Army Aviation history. Advances and integration of Night Vision Goggles (NVGs), Forward Looking Infrared (FLIR), radar altimeters, and Heads-Up-Display (HUD)

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