Oppression And Poverty In Bodega Dreams

In the article “Fremont high school”, Jonathan Kozol describes how the inability to provide the needed funding and address the necessities of minority children is preventing students from functioning properly at school. He talks to Meriya, a student who expresses her disgust on the unequal consideration given to urban and suburban schools. She and her classmates undergo physical and personal embarrassments. Kozol states that the average ninth grade student reads at fourth or fifth grade level while a third read at third grade level or below. Although academic problems are the main factor for low grades, students deal with other factors every day. For example, School bathrooms are unsanitary, air condition does not work, classrooms have limited

Harlem, NY used to be a majority black neighborhood in the 1950s when its population consisted of 341,000 African-Americans. From a census taken in 2010, the population went through a significant drop of only 41% African-Americans (Sam Roberts, 2010). Of course, this is an attribute to gentrification, where residents seeking affordable-living are pushed out of their haven, a home where their family’s roots are planted and have no other choice than to move farther and find a place to meet the need for

The city of Stockton had a crime rate of 695 crimes per 10,000 residents. PBS Newshour states, “One thing builds upon another. The poor financial situation has forced the police force to drop by 27 percent recently. And that, of course, has made the already high crime rate go up even more” (PBS Newshour, 2012). Crime has been one of the biggest factors that has affected the health of the community in many ways by causing fear of assault, gang-related violence, and having it as a barrier to using community parks, exercising outdoors, walking to and from school, accessing local food outlets, and using public transportation, (SJC2HAC, pg. 31,

In American education, there is overwhelming evidence that there is an achievement gap between groups of students. In other words, there are measurable differences in the educations and test scores of different groups of students. Some gaps exist between groups or differing gender or socioeconomic status, but the largest gaps exist between groups of different races. America has always been a country with an influx of different cultures through immigration. In schools, these cultures still remain separated. The most noticeable separation is probably that of White and African American students. Although the achievement gap between White and Black students is easily seen there are other clear gaps in the education of Latino and Asian American

The author, Amanda Lewis, conducted a study in the 1990s to examine how race and racial inequality are reproduced on a day-to-day basis in schools. She argues that the curriculums, educators, and the children themselves create and reinforce racial lessons. She picked three elementary schools in Southern California: Foresthills, West City, and Metro2. The schools were selected based on their location and cultural composition. At each school she was paired with a teacher who would be the best help for the study. She observed the behaviors and interactions of students in fourth/fifth grade classes. Interviews were conducted with the students, teachers, members of the school community, and parents as well.

The film “Crime in the Urban Chicago” is an accurate source of information because it transmits several of the concerns and struggles that the citizens residing in the area face daily. The setting of the film goes into Riverdale, Chicago; in which the Newton family provides an insight of what it means to reside in the suburbs. For this reason, the information of the documentary gains relevance, because they incorporate first person stories that accurately describe the current period of violence and crime in Chicago. Furthermore, the documentary describes considerable societal issues that evolve around a typical urban community. For example, the relative lack of employment and governmental services and facilities such as schools and educational

Synthesis paper on Black American Girl’s Education Student name: Institutional affiliation Synthesis question: What kind of discipline will be necessary to improve the success of black girls in schools? Introduction 150 The American School system continues to be severely affected by racial gaps when it comes to discipline at school. Statistics show that African American students have the highest probability of being engaged in classroom indiscipline issues during elementary and high school levels of education in the United States.

At one point, crime in America grew 13 times faster than population. Between 1965 and 1980s, crimes in every category rose to a record high in New York. Burglary related crimes rose from 183,443 to 360,925. Larceny-theft rose from 253,353 to 535. Vehicle theft rose from 58,452 to 171,007. Assault rose from 27,464 to 91,571. Murder rose from 836 to 2,228. However, during the 1990s, crime in New York crime tipped. Crime fell to a record low. Murder rates, burglary, larceny-theft, vehicle theft, assault, and rape all fell suddenly. Homicide rates plunged 43 percent reaching the lowest levels in 35 years. The crack epidemic along with the election of a new governor both contributed to the drop in crime not the “broken window theory”. Many

East Harlem, colloquially referred to as El Barrio, represents an urban neighborhood that has historically been home to marginalized groups of working class people. The massive movement of Puerto Ricans to East Harlem in the 20th century created El Barrio as it is discussed in Bourgois’ ethnographic study. Many residents are first or second generation Puerto Rican Americans struggling for survival. Moreover, they grapple with issues of identity, language, and culture while adapting to generational evolution and persistent poverty. The study outlines the following major social problems facing residents: poverty, addiction/drug abuse, unemployment, sexism/violence and disintegration of families.

In the beginning of the 1990s, New York City was filled with violent crime. In the events of recent police shootings, citizens could not help but fear the possibility of the city going back to how it was during the 1990s and earlier violent era times. However, recent studies and reports have indicated that the city has never been as dangerous and violent as it was in earlier times. As by 2015, a modest decrease in the rate of serious reported crimes was noteworthy.

According to Crime rates for the New York website; New York, NY is 27% percent safer than other metropolis in the United States since 2016. Chances of becoming of a violent crime in New York City are 1, and 263. Armed robbery, rape, murder, aggravated assault, vehicle theft, arson, and burglaries are the most repeated crimes committed within the city. Over the course of my research, I will explore Index crimes, Victim rights, battered woman syndrome, and hate crime laws to learn how these concepts are applied in New York City laws. Incidentally, not all these crimes have victims, but the terror of the crime’s around my bough is damaged as the act of the crime itself it creates fear in the neighborhood. Which evolves into unconstructively

Common phrases used by locals to describe the city of Reading is “high crime rates” and “poorest city in America.” In 2015 alone, the overall crime rate within the city was seventy-four percent higher than the average crimes committed within the whole state of Pennsylvania (Areavibes). Despite being a fifteen-minute drive from the city of Reading the percentages of crime are much higher within the city compared to where I live, Sinking Spring. The overall crime rate within Sinking Spring was forty-six percent lower than the average crimes committed within the whole state of Pennsylvania. The difference of a

Elizabeth has a population of 129,007 people living in the city. It is the fourth largest community in New Jersey with twenty-six constituent neighborhoods. It is an extremely ethnically-diverse city with 64% of the population Hispanic, 17% Black, and 14% White. Elizabeth was once ranked number eleven in a list of dangerous cities in New Jersey (Uniform). While there are surveys and public polls on what cities in a state are the most dangerous, I did not want to rely on speculation and opinion. Instead, I looked at the hard numbers from the Federal Bureau Investigations (FBI) reports in the last five years. I more specifically analyzed the FBI’s Uniform Crime Report (UCR) which summarizes the number of property crimes and violent crimes

A common theory in criminology and in sociology suggests that class and race are vital roles regional crime rates. Previous research indicates that the distribution of class and race within certain residential areas has a key role in the outcome of certain violent acts. In his study, Income Inequality, Race, and Place: Does the Distribution of Race and Class within Neighborhoods Affect Crime Rates, John R. Hipp states “Specifically, studies have tested how the distribution of economic resources across neighbor-hoods, as measured by income or poverty, affects neighborhood crime rates or the how the distribution of racial/ethnic minority members across neighborhoods, as measured by the percent nonwhite, and so on, affects neighborhood crime rates (Hipp 2007). While one may traditionally assume that minorities neighborhoods yield a more intensive crime rate, this is not necessarily true.

Philippe Bourgois speaks first-hand on the injustices that occur in the mainly Puerto Rican district of East Harlem, New York. Throughout his research on inner-city poverty and social marginalization, he has made friends with several community natives, a number of them being "crack dealers" (Bourgois 301). Bourgois is able to take