Introduction
All cells contain membranes that are selectively permeable, allowing certain things to pass into and leave out of the cell. The process in which molecules of a substance move from an area of high concentration to areas of low concentration is called Diffusion. Whereas Osmosis is the process in which water crosses membranes from regions of high water concentration to areas with low water concentration. While molecules in diffusion move down a concentration gradient, molecules during osmosis both move down a concentration gradient as well as across it. Both diffusion, and osmosis are types of passive transport, which do not require help.
When the concentration of the environment outside of the cell is lower than the inside
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However one beaker received 100 mL of Deionized water with a molarity of 0.0. Afterwards a cork borer was pushed through the potato and was twisted back and forth. Once the borer was filled it was removed from the potato. Pushing the potato cylinder out of the borer, this this step was repeated six more times in order to get seven undamaged potato cylinders. Using a sharp razor blade, the potato cylinders were both cut to a uniform length of about 5cm, and were removed of their potato skins. The potato pieces were also cut in half to give the cells a greater surface area in which it was easier to absorb the solution. After the cylinders were weighed on a balance and the data was recorded in Table 4. Using the razor blade each potato was cut lengthwise into two long halves. Then the potato pieces were transferred to the water beaker and the time they were submerged was recorded. This step was repeated for all potato cylinders in which the pieces were placed in solutions 0.1 to 0.6 M. The potatoes were incubated for ninety minutes. At the end of the incubation period the time was recorded. Then the potato piece was removed form the first sample. Next potato pieces were weighed the and the final weight was recorded in Table 4. This procedure was repeated until all samples had been weighed and recorded in the chronological order they were initially placed in the test solution. Afterwards the table was completed by recording the
Osmosis and diffusion are passive transport mechanisms, meaning that no energy has to be added into the system in order for transport to occur, which the cell uses in its selectively permeable membrane. Osmosis involves the transportation, or movement, of water from an area of low solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration. Diffusion is the movement of solute particles from areas of high solute concentrations to areas of lower concentrations of solutes. Therefore, both osmosis and diffusion work on a concentration
Finally, it could also be a hypertonic solution which is when there is a higher concentration of solute in the solution than in the cell and therefore the water leaves the cell. This make the cell plasmolyzed or “shrunken”. In our experiment this means that the potato cell would
Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until equilibrium is reached. Osmosis, however, is the movement of water according to its own concentration gradient across a selectively
All cells in the human body are surrounded by a plasma membrane made up of lipids and proteins which form a barrier. The proteins and lipids in the membrane occupy different roles. The lipids create a semipermeable barrier and the proteins are part of a cross membrane transport. To pass through the membrane a substance goes through a transport known as diffusion. Diffusion is movement of molecules from a high area of concentration to an area of low concentration. There are two different forms of diffusion. One example of diffusion is known as simple diffusion, an unassisted movement of dissolved substances through a selectively permeable membrane (Marieb pg. 54). The
Water diffuses across the membrane from the region of lower solute concentration (higher free water concentration) to that of higher solute concentration (lower free water concentration) until the solute concentrations on both sides of the membrane are equal. The diffusion of free water across a selectively permeable membrane, whether artificial or cellular, is called osmosis. The movement of water across cell membranes and the balance of water between the cell and its environment are crucial to organisms. ("Diffusion And Osmosis - Difference And Comparison | Diffen"). A semi-permeable membrane known as the cell membrane surrounds the living cells of both plants and animals. Both solute concentration and membrane permeability are taken into account in the ability of a cell to gain or lose water. If there is a higher concentration of solutes in the surrounding solution, water will tend to leave the cell, and vice versa. The membrane forms a selective barrier between the cell and its environment and does not allow toxic substances from the surroundings to enter into the cell (Deena T Kochunni). The selective permeability allows the cell to regulate the flow of necessary substances into and out of the cell. In plants osmosis is also responsible for absorbing water and minerals from the soil by using the semipermeable membrane of the root (Deena T Kochunni). If the extracellular fluid has a lower osmolarity than the fluid inside the cell, it’s said to be
In cells, Diffusion occurs through cell membrane which is selectively permeable. This means that some molecules can pass through the membrane while other molecules cannot. Molecules that move across the membrane through diffusion are either hydrophobic or small and uncharged. For
Osmosis and diffusion are processes by which water and solute particles, respectively, pass through a selectively permeable membrane. When water moves across a cell membrane the processes of osmosis and diffusion take place to maintain a balance between the water and solute particles inside and outside of the cell by moving from a region of high concentration to a region of lower concentration. If the concentration of solute particles inside and outside the cell are equal then the solution outside the cell is referred to as isotonic, but if the concentration of solute particles outside the cell are greater or less than the concentration inside the cell then the solution is referred to as hypertonic (greater) and hypotonic (less). A hypertonic solution results in shrinkage of the cell as water leaves the cell via osmosis to compensate, while a hypotonic solution results in swelling of the cell as water enters the cell via osmosis.
Finally, the potato chunk placed in a solution with 1 molar of sucrose began with a volume of 2.025mm3, and decreased to a volume of 1.078mm3 overnight. This was a decrease in volume by 47%. This potato chunk in this solution began with a mass of 2.1 grams, and decreased to a mass of 1.3 grams, which was a 38% decrease in mass. Although the data presented does not include every data point collected, the main points shown represent how a plant cell will decrease in mass and volume when placed in a higher sucrose solution. This decrease of volume and mass is due to the plant cell being placed into a hypertonic solution.
Diffusions and Osmosis are both examples of passive transport. The only difference between the two is diffusion is the movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to a low concentration. The reason this happens is because the molecule possess energy, and the molecules move around randomly and bounce off of each, and they eventually spread out. This is also very beneficial for the molecules rather than to be packed into one corner. There are four factors of which can effect diffusions, and they are concentration gradient, temperature, molecule weight, and pressure.
Molecule Properties that Allow Passive Transport Across the Membrane There are certain properties of a solute that affects how easily it can pass through the plasma membrane. In passive transport, all substances move from an area of high concentration to an area or low concentration which does not cause for the use of energy, also known as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Diffusion and osmosis are two mechanisms of passive transport. Diffusion is the process in which small molecules compatible with the plasma membrane can pass from the extracellular fluid that is outside the cell to the intracellular fluid, cytoplasm inside the cell, easily and without guidance. Molecules such as oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body pass through the cells of
This means the cells are normal. This is a spontaneous process where a substance moves from the less concentrated area, to the more concentrated area. The direction of water flow is determined by the solute concentration and not by the nature of the solute molecules
Tonicity is the capacity of a nearby solution that causes a cell to gain or lose water; it relies on the concentration of the solute that cannot pass through the membrane (Reece et al., 2014).A hypertonic solution is when the solution has a higher concentration then the solute which causes the water to move away from the cell which results in a shriveled cell. A hypotonic solution is when the solute has a higher concentration than the solution which causes the cell to expand and swell (Mao, 2008). Nevertheless an isotonic solution is when the concentration of the solute and solution are equal. The category of the cell relies on the effect of osmosis on the cell. The hypotonic solution will take-up water if an animal cell is placed in the solution, which will cause it to swell, gets larger and eventually lyse. For the Animal cells, leaning to die proceeded by failing in keeping water and shrinking are the findings in the process of a hypertonic solution. Nonetheless, when a plant cell is placed in
Osmosis can affect blood cells based on the level of the solute. If a red blood cell were placed in a beaker of seawater, the red blood cell would shrink. This shrinking of the red blood cell happens because the seawater has more solute that the cytosol of the red blood cells. This situation causes the water to move out of the red blood cells. Due to the fact that the red blood cell shrunk this environment is considered hypertonic. When a red blood cell is dropped into a beaker of distilled water solution the red blood cell will burst. The reason the red blood cell exploded was because the cytosol has more solute than the distilled water and the distilled water move into red blood cell. This environment is called hypotonic. If a red blood cell is dropped into a beaker of the same solute concentration solution as the cytosol, the water will move in and out of the cell. This creates no net movement of
In the human body, there are many processes happening all while one's day is going on. One process is homeostasis, which is the steady-state physiological condition of the body (Postlethwait, Hopson, 2009, p. 8). For homeostasis to occur, cells rely on the cell membranes to control what substances go into or out of the cell through passive or active transport. Passive transport is the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell. In passive transport the easiest way to move substances is through diffusion. It occurs when the solute is in a high to low concentration in the solution, and due to kinetic energy the solute will move until a state of equilibrium exists (Postlethwait, Hopson, 2009, p. 97). Another way to move substances through the cell membrane is through osmosis.
Osmosis and diffusion are two important processes in the human body that help in the functioning of cells and homeostasis, or maintaining balance within the body. Osmosis is the movement of water from a higher concentration to a lower concentration, and its purpose is to maintain stability between a solvent (water) and a solute. Diffusion is the movement of solutes down their concentration gradient, toward a lesser concentration of solutes, in order to pass a membrane, such as the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane (Tortora and Derrickson 2012). Diffusion requires no energy and is affected by many different aspects including heat, causing the reaction to occur at a more rapid rate, the size of the particle, and the amount of space in which the diffusion must cover (Tortora and Derrickson 2012). Osmosis is a form of diffusion that is more so for water, and both require no energy. The phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane is a protective barrier against foreign materials that could harm the cell. The membrane is what is defined as selectively permeable (Tortora and Derrickson 2012) because it only allows certain materials get into it, while keeping others from moving out. The bilayer of the membrane has hydrophilic heads, which work well with water, and hydrophobic tails, which repel water. This difference in the head and tails is what causes only certain materials to be able to enter the membrane without help. Materials that can get in are small, gaseous, and