PREDICT 401 Assignment 1 V1 2015 02 08 Essay

To collect data, we would put five pill bugs on each side of the chamber. One side would have a dry environment and the other would have a moist, or one side would have a heated environment and the other a cool, and lastly one had a light environment and the other a dark. The data we collected was the number of pill bugs that moved from one side

Limpets (Patella vulgate) live in algae rich environments on rocky shores. . It has been proposed that in more sheltered areas, limpet shells will grow to be flatter with a larger diameter, while in more exposed areas of coastline, they will grow a taller and narrower shell shape. To find out whether or not the shores of Aberdeen reflected this, samples were taken from two sites (Site A and Site B) along the Aberdeen coastline that varied in their exposure to wave action. The sites were chosen to provide two sample sites with a notable difference in their environment. In the more sheltered site A, limpets were not exposed to harsh waves, while at site B, there was significantly more wave action. Quadrats were used at both sites to provide an area of sampling for the limpets and they were placed around 5 meters from the waterline. The overall results from the study showed that there is a very strong relationship between diameter and height in Limpet shells and that there was an incredibly slight difference in the relationship between the two sites.

The compiled data was used to form population A of the experiment, while population B was predetermined and provided by the instructor. Research was conducted using primary sources and data collected in order to locate evidence supporting the hypotheses.

| Consult the studies conducted by the Scripps Institute of Oceanography and identify the big fish that are in danger

The partial Chesapeake Bay food chain begins with the algae, and continues all the way up to the fish and beyond. All of the organisms living within the Chesapeake Bay need the algae to survive whether they feed directly off of the algae or not. If the algae population decreased, all other aquatic organism populations living within the Chesapeake would decrease as well. With the dying population of algae, the population of zooplankton would slowly begin to decline due to a lack of food. Without as many zooplankton floating throughout the water, oysters would not have as plentiful of a food source thus causing the oyster population to decrease. If the oyster population decreased, fish would not have shelter or clean water to swim in. while oysters are filtering the water for food, they unintentionally clean the water. The fish population would decrease due to poor living conditions and a lack of food. The survival of algae within

How I will analyze my data: I will organize my data into a graph. This will let me compare my results easily because I will be able to see the mud snail population in comparison to the amount of algae growth.

According to the statistics shown in Stock size of bêche-de-mer, and recruitment patterns and gene flow in black teatfish, and recovery of overfished black teatfish stocks on the Great Barrier Reef by John Benzie and Sven Uthicke, “bêche-de-mer fishing on the Great Barrier Reef had led to a reduction in black teatfish densities of at least 75 % on recently fished reefs” (58). Similar results are found through model calculations on black teatfish stock, indicating that “the amount of biomass, which virginally was in the order of 5,500t and about 5 million individuals, had reduced around 3000t” (61). Due to heavy loss in black teatfish population, fishery on this species in Queensland area was closed in 1998. However, in 2003, when researchers compared the densities of such species between open and closed zones, they found no statistically significant differences, an outcome referring to low recruitment

The article “Fish Shrinking as Ocean Temperature Rise” by Boyd Professor R. Eugene Turner from Louisiana State University, discuss the effect rising temperature has on Menhadens. Menhadens are small silver fish that can be found in coastal waters ranging from Maine to Texas. Economically these fish are exceptionally important because they make up about one-half of the fish harvest from the fishing industry in the Atlantic coast and Gulf of Mexico. Furthermore these small silver fish are a crucial food source for terrestrial and marine animals such as seals, whales, birds, and several more. Using the data gathered from the National Marine Fisheries Services, Professor Turner calculated the changes in length and weight of the Menhaden. Turner then discovered that the Menhadens have shrunk by 15 percent over the past 65 years. He connects the decrease in size to the temperature of the ocean rising, by

The purpose of this study was to see whether or not seasons would affect the abundance and size of flatfish species. The hypothesis presented throughout the experiment was that seasonal effect would be present in the flatfishes that were being tested. This hypothesis was made because of the fact that there is a difference in spawning around the year within flatfish species.

The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that the invasive red king crab, Paralithodes camtschaticus, may hamper capelin recruitment through egg consumption, by carrying out fieldwork studies (2005, 2006), laboratory experiments (2011), and applying models of consumption. To explore the response of the predator to prey density, crab abundance and capelin egg density were estimated in stratified study areas. An exponential decay model was used to estimate stomach evacuation rates of capelin eggs in red king crab stomachs, and the average evacuation time estimated was 5.38 h at 2.9°C. The average evacuation time was applied to a consumption model where uncertainty in input values was assessed by Monte Carlo simulation. Estimated

The research for this article was conducted by the University of California. The article focuses on how Atlantic Killfish found on the East Coast are very resilient and have adapted to extremely high levels

After the two and half month survey, the data was collected and interpreted by various means: Cluster analysis, Coral Reef Health Index (CRHI) and Distance Population Index (DPI). The coral reef site that had the highest number of a specific indicator organism was to be used as the baseline indicating the healthiest reef. The other sites would be measured of that site and compared for that specific organism. The cluster analysis divided the sites into nine groups of shared characteristics. This allowed Hodgson to determine if reefs of differing natural and anthropogenic factors were

Roy L. Caldwell is affiliated with the Department of Integrative Biology at the University of California and with the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco. Richard Ross is affiliated with the California Academy of Sciences. Arcadio Rodaniche is affiliated with the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute in Balboa, Ancon, Panama. Christine L. Huffard is affiliated with the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute in Moss Landing, California.

Trophic disturbances also act as environmental change indices because certain species are immediately effected when there are disturbances in their diet. The larvae of coral fishes are good indicators of environmental change because of their size, lack of body reserves, and growth patterns. A study that measured larval supplies starting in January of 1996 and ending in March of 2000, provided evidence of biological consequences as a result of the 1997-1998 El Niño. Crest-net monitoring provided data that showed a comparable decrease in larval numbers. Decreased consumer activity through observation of decreased copepod numbers were reported to further justify the presence of decline in primary productivity. It is also notable that a decrease in chlorophyl-a concentrations was also observed, which further supports the numbers of larval fish may be correlated to decreased rates of primary productivity (Lo-yat, 2011).

Figure 4. Percentage increase in weight of Arenicola Marina over a period of 90 minutes when exposed to varying dilutions of seawater. Values are mean ± SEM. N=6 for 75%