Patient Clinical Details And Treatments

Esophageal carcinoma, the eighth most common cancer in the world, includes squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma (Sun, Lin, Chen, Liang, &Hsieh, 2015; American Cancer Society, 2015). Squamous cell carcinoma is simply damaged esophageal cells; however, adenocarcinoma occurs when glandular cells replace squamous cells in the esophagus (American Cancer Society, 2015). While squamous cell carcinoma was once the most common form of esophageal carcinoma in the United States, adenocarcinoma has taken its place with speculation placed towards the increase of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (Baldwin, 2015). These two manifestations of cancer account for approximately 90% of diagnosed esophageal cancers, while the remaining 10% of esophageal

Procedures: Nasogastric intubation, External beam radiotherapy, Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, Lymphadenectomy, Therapeutic endoscopy, Gastrostomy, Radiation therapy, Digestive system surgery.

It was fitting then that my case report would focus on a similar fluoroscopic scenario of a Barium Enema. Ultimately this case will inform my prior curiosity and give me the knowledge for future encounters. To fully explore Barium Enemas this report focuses on Professionalism, Pathology and Pathological Processors, Imaging and Future Directions.

Barret’s Esophagus is a serious complication of GERD, in which stands for Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease. With Barret’s esophagus normal tissue lining the esophagus; the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach changes to tissue that resembles the lining of the intestine, this process is called intestinal metaplasia ("Barret's esophagus: Symptoms," 2005). Patients who are diagnosed with Barret’s esophagus are at an increase risk of developing esophageal adenocarcinoma, which is cancer of the esophagus and can be fatal.

Many people say it feels like food is coming back into the mouth leaving an acid or bitter taste (GERD, 2005, p.1). There are three main tests used when GERD is suspected or known are esophageal pH monitoring, endoscopy, and manometry. With pH monitoring, the doctor measures the amount of acid in the esophagus over a 24-48 hour period. Endoscopy uses flexible tube with a light and video camera on the end. The tube is passed through the throat into the esophagus so the doctor can examine the esophagus for esophagitis. Manometry identifies problems with motility and valve pressure in the esophagus. This study allows doctors to measure function of the lower esophageal

Choice “B” is not the best answer. Metastatic cancer to the esophagus is a rare occurrence. Malignant gastrinomas have not been documented to spread to the esophagus.

He may perform an endoscopy, which is the use of a long, lighted scope with a camera at the end (an endoscope) to look down your throat. He may also use a laryngoscope to examine your voice box. If he finds a suspicious area, he’ll likely remove a sample of the tissue for a biopsy to determine if you have cancer. Once you’re diagnosed, he’ll order an MRI, CT scan or PET scan to determine whether or not the cancer has spread beyond your throat area.

Esophageal cancer begins with glandular cells in the esophagus that form a benign or malignant tumour. If it is benign, then it usually isn’t fatal and through surgery can be removed. However, if it is malignant, then the cancerous cells can damage healthy cells and tissue in the esophagus and spread to other places in the body through metastasis. Adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus are two types of malignant

The last test that can be given to diagnose GERD is a test to measure the movement of the esophagus (esophageal motility testing) it measures the movement and pressure in the esophagus. Surgery may be used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms that have not been well controlled by medicines. It may be an option when medicines do not completely relieve symptoms, when a person is not capable of taking medicines, when such problems like asthma, coughing hoarseness, or reflux itself does not improve. Some types of surgeries include: fundoplication - the most common surgery used to treat GERDs, esophagus and stomach - to keep acid from backing up into the esophagus as easily, partial fundoplication - wrapping of the stomach halfway, full fundoplication - wrapping the stomach all around the esophagus so that it completely encircles it, Gastropexy - attaches the stomach to the diaphragm so that the stomach cannot move through the opening in the diaphragm into the chest. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a chronic condition and is a lifetime disease. Treatment includes taking prescribed medications as instructed, avoiding spicy and fatty

The patient was a female, 95 years of age. In the beginning of July 2013, she frequently choked during a meal and we examined her with deglutition endoscope.

Esophagus cancer or its scientific name esophageal cancer is caused by smoking and or drinking too much.Upper endoscopy (EGD) will be used to obtain a tissue sample from the esophagus to diagnose cancer. When the cancer is only in the esophagus and has not spread, surgery will be done. The cancer and part, or all, of the esophagus is removed. This operation is done in 2 ways Open surgery or you can go for Minimally invasive surgery, while radiation may also help.Chemo and, or radiation surgery can be used to shrink the cancer. The patient will not only have to change their diet after these treatments they may also have to; dilate the esophagus, use a feeding tube, or Photodynamic therapy(a special drug is injected into the tumor and is then

Esophageal cancer, or oesophageal cancer, is a lethal variation of cancer globally ranking sixth as the leading cause of cancer-associated deaths and eighth as the most common type of cancer (Pennathur et al. 2013). In contrast to other parts of the world, the United States has experienced a decrease in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma incidence rates and a distinct increase in esophageal adenocarcinoma, which corresponds to increased obesity and gastroesophageal reflux rates over the years (Simard et al. 2012). Along with increasing incidence rates, esophageal cancer is associated with a 15-25% survival rate of five years regardless of treatment, poor prognosis due to diagnosis during the cancer’s later stages, and predisposition to metastases regardless of tumor type (Pennathur et al. 2013, Chen et al. 2013). In addition, patients who have been treated are at risk for high incidences of recurrence and approximately 90% of patients are faced with mortality from esophageal cancer (Lou et al. 2013), all of which contributes to the poor prognosis associated with the disease. With increasing incidence rates and poor prognosis, esophageal cancer poses challenges to healthcare providers in finding effective and standardized guidelines with respect to screening, treatment, and surveillance.

Following the ingestion of the barium sulfate a high KUB radiograph was taken using 100 kV and 80 mAs with 50 inch SID. The central ray was 3 inches above the level of her iliac crest and the exposure was taken at the end of expiration. The time was annotated on each and every radiograph taken throughout the study. The patient was then rolled onto their right side to allow the stomach to drain. The patient remained lying on her right side for 15 minutes and then turned back to the supine position for another high KUB radiograph of the stomach. The same technical factors were used of 100 kV and 80 mAs and a SID of 50 inches with the central ray 3 inches above her iliac crest. On the 15 minute radiograph the barium had moved to the second part of the small intestine the jejunum. The patient requested that she stay lying in the supine position instead of lying on her right side because it was more comfortable for her. The technologist said that was fine because the barium did move. However, if the barium had not moved, she would have been returned into the right lateral position. If the patient is able to get up and walk around at this time it is ideal to allow the barium to start moving through the small

• An upper gastrointestinal (GI) series. This is an X-ray exam of your GI tract involving the use of a chalky liquid that you swallow. The liquid shows up clearly on the X-ray.

Everyone should know that a lower GI is a very common and important exam used to diagnose many colon conditions. A lower GI examination, also know as a barium enema, is an x-ray examination of the large intestine. The large intestine, or large bowel, consists of the entire colon, including the appendix, rectum, and sigmoid colon. This commonly performed test is essentially the predecessor to the more familiar colonoscopy. A lower GI is used worldwide to help diagnose fatal diseases and many other problems that affect the large intestine.