POSITION PAPER
ON
SHOULD THE MILITARY USE PERFORMANCE-ENHANCING DRUGS?
1. The United States (US) military should continue to develop performance-enhancing drugs (PED) for military personnel faced with extreme war-zone stressors and sleep deprivation. The US military has utilized PEDs to maintain alertness during extensive missions since World War II (WWII).1 However, there is the potential for substance abuse among both military members and the general populous. In order to maintain preeminence, it is imperative that the US military’s PED programs are more sophisticated than potential enemies.
2. Since WWII, the success of the US military falls heavily on the use of PEDs. According to an article in HubPages, US General Dwight D. Eisenhower
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Today’s “go pills” are proven to be memory improving and non-addictive compared to the PEDs of the Vietnam War and WWII.8 Moreover, PEDs are not limited to the US; Syrian fighters and the Chinese military use stimulants that pose a much larger threat than recreational use among the general US populous. For example, Syrian fighters find ‘chemical courage” in a stimulant called Captagon, which allows “Syria's fighters to stay up for days, killing with a numb, reckless abandon.”9 China has released the anti-sleep PED named “Night Eagle”, which lasts for 72 hours.10 Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is spearheading the US military’s dominance over potential enemies, with cognitive enhancers to aid the “warfighter’s ability to function for extended periods of time without adequate sleep.”11
5. Since WWII, PEDs have been linked to the US military’s success. However, there is the potential for substance abuse among both military members and the general populous. Nonetheless, potential enemies are developing their own agents to combat sleep deprivation, which is why DARPA develops the most sophisticated PEDs for the US military to maintain dominance.
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Drug Enforcement Administration, “Placement of Modafinil Into Schedule IV,” 20 January 1999, https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/fed_regs/rules/1999/fr0127.htm 5. Sydney Lupkin, VICE NEWS, “Users Say the ‘Smart Drug’ Modafinil Is the New Adderall-Only Better,” 31 August 2015, https://news.vice.com/article/users-say-the-smart-drug-modafinil-is-the-new-adder all-only-better 6. Jennifer Price, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, “Findings from the National Vietnam Veterans’ Readjustment Study,” 2004 http://www.ptsd.va.gov/professional/research-bio/research /vietnam-vets-study.asp 7. Susan Donaldson James, ABC NEWS, “Super Soldiers? Military Drug is Rage Among Students, Young Professionals,” 24 July 2007, http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/Health/story ?id=3408266&page=1 8. Ibid. 9. Peter Holley, The Washington Post, “The tiny pill fueling Syria’s war and turning fighters into superhuman soldiers,” 19 November 2015, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldvi ews/wp/2015/11/19/ the-tiny-pill-fueling-syrias-war-and-turning-fighters-into-super-humansoldi ers/?utm_term=.0b c4961a7561 10. South China Morning Post, “PLA eyes ‘Night Eagle’ to make army of night owls,” 16 October 2011,
In the 1960s and ‘70s, the military ordered amphetamines and shipped them out to soldiers in Vietnam as a stimulant to keep them awake and aware for longer periods, while in the United States these amphetamines such as methamphetamine and cocaine became a recreational drug used in parties and a way to “be cool”. Compare this with today’s cognitive enhancing smart drug, which is still an amphetamine: the military is testing these smart drugs on soldiers to make them more effective with less sleep and prolonged battle and in the States, people use them off label to avoid jetlag or to write 9 page papers in 2 hours. In both these scenes, these drugs have received little coverage until they became popular and their effects became realized. “The effects of chronic, high doses of amphetamine are toxic; it can cause psychosis, depression and cognitive deficits, which are sometimes irreversible”, says Maia Szalavitz of Time Magazine (Popping). Although Piracetam and Modafinil are not amphetamines, drugs like Adderall and others used to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are amphetamines and are very popular in the cognitive enhancing world. That is why nootropics are dangerous; hardworking students and
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When hearing the term “drug addiction,” certain words might flash across one’s mind. Filth. Slum. Junkie. Crime. There is a dirtiness that these words seem muddled in, as if addiction dwells only in disarrayed and desolate cells in which the corrupt reside. One word that surely hasn’t gone through your head is one of alarming importance: Veterans. Veterans, who have served our country with abnegation, who have seen the worst of humanity, and who have sacrificed their livelihood to preserve others, are often entrapped in a world of drug abuse. To me, and many others, it seems tragic that a hero returns home, simply to get drawn into an addiction.It’s an issue that is often dismissed as a problem low-worth people, but this isn’t always the case;
Christopher Wanjek, author of Smart Pills: The Truth About Cognitive Enhancing Drugs, a columnist for Live Science and a health and science writer informs readers over the strict and malicious side effects of smart pills. Throughout the article the author illustrates the merit and ethics behind the use of a drug that can become a popular norm further in the future from advocates, such as college students. However, the author feels very appalled by this and continues to further elaborate on this by exclaiming that,“Ritalin is riddled with side effects, such as heart problems, and Adderall adds all the more to the mix, such as the risk of chemical dependency”( Christopher Wanjek, December 9, 2008, Para.2). In addition, to harmful affects the
Drugs have been a problem in the country for a long time. Issues with drugs even existed in ancient times. However, through the War on Drugs, the media created a panic about the issue, making citizens believe drug abuse was an exponentially growing new epidemic in the United States. Although the War on Drugs was declared in 1982 and was intended to reduce the rates of drug abuse in the US, America’s drug problem increased dramatically over the next years (Bagley, 1988).
Talbot describes the uses of the stimulates to stay awake to power through long nights to complete papers or deadlines, as well as to take lengthy exams (2009). Several testimonials are provides in “Brain Gain” of students that use Adderall for these very reasons in their schooling career (Talbot, 2009). Using the stimulate has led to abuse problems by the users, leading them to experience harsh side effects such as lack of appetite and loss of sleep (Talbot, 2009). Talbot (2009) mentions the label on the amphetamine warns of a “high potential for abuse” for the user! The author emphasizes the growing and evident issue of Adderall being taken for nonmedical reasons to act as a quick fix for those needing an enhancement to their cognitive abilities (Talbot,
Members of the armed forces sacrifice not only their time, but also their lives serving in extreme stressful situations and remote circumstances in the world. Although these individuals are considered to be one our bravest people in this nation, they are also not immune to the substance use issues that affect the rest of society. U.S. military members are considered to use illicit drug use the least as compared to their civilian counterparts, but the popularity of heavy alcohol and tobacco, prescription drugs, and opioids are increasing in a fast pace. If this is left untreated, then it can often lead to criminal activity and can tragically increase numbers of veterans that are being arrested and entering the criminal justice system.
PEDs aren't ruining sports or American culture as many people would like to believe. In reality, because PEDs in sports has become commonplace over the years, revenues have increased in the trillions of dollars (Adams et al 2004). The one thing that all the trillion plus dollar major sports have realized is that fans want to see larger than life people doing larger than life things. Fans want to see 40-yard dash times shattered each year at football combines. They want their linemen all to bench press over 500 pounds (Adams et al
Soldiers are in the spot light way to much these days, from a recruiter at a local school to a Soldier in Iraq. The nation trust’s these Soldiers to defend her against all enemies, both foreign and domestic. With this trust comes added responsibility and scrutiny from the media. The Army is aware of this and takes great measures to combat any disloyal acts from happening with in its ranks. To ensure Soldiers are fit for duty the Army has incorporated an extensive drug testing program for their warriors. “In doing this it helps keep the fight going and our Soldiers out of the limelight”, said by the Sergeant Major of the Army Kenneth Preston.
Do you want to want to become the peak athlete that you know your body is capable of? Well, this paper will not do that for you, but it will tell you how, and it will tell you why it should be legal to do so. Doping in sports is one of the most extensive debates within the realm of athletics. Whether it be injecting anabolic steroids, consuming them, or blood doping, athletes will do drugs. Doping has no effect on the viewership of the sport. Athletes can always find ways to cheat the system, and trying to prevent the use seems impossible. The use of performance enhancing drugs (PEDs) should be legalized, as long as it is allowed under medical supervision.
The use of PED’s has many different effects on the body and mind of a person. They can be used to improve the ability, or strength of an athlete but can also be dangerous. There are many types of drugs that people use to get an edge over there opponents.
PEDs and steroids provide better stamina, stronger muscles, and more muscular endurance. "Society cares because steroid use is a form of cheating. Since steroids work so well, they create an unfair advantage for those who take them, and this breaks the social contract athletes have implicitly agreed to: We are going to have a fair contest. There are things we can and cannot do. Even if there were a safe performance-enhancing substance, if it weren't available to everybody, using it would still be cheating" (Dillingham). The end game will be actions that are increasingly violent, extreme, and meaningless, practiced by a class of chemical and or genetic mutant gladiators. The use of performance-enhancing drugs is not accidental; it is planned and deliberate with the sole objective of getting an unfair
The so-called “War on Drugs,” as declared by the Nixon administration in the signing of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970, marked the beginning of the current era of mandatory minimum sentencing, racism, privatized prisons, and a powerful constituency that profits as a result of the prohibition of drugs. Psychoactive substances have been apart of the human experience as long as humans have walked the earth. There is little hope that drug production will ever be curtailed, so long as there is a demand; a demand that has remained steady even though it has been forty years since the beginning of said war. As Judge James P. Gray from the Superior Court of Orange County has so plainly put it: “Where did this policy