Peer To-Peer Advantages And Disadvantages

Richard Fairbank and Nigel Morris, both diligent entrepreneurs, started laying the bricks for their eventual successful company, Capital One, in the late 1980’s. They both worked in the Virginia-based “Signet Bank”. Fairbank started noticing trends in the financial industry that he felt Signet was missing out on. These opportunities were in the credit card industry. He, as well as all of Signet Bank knew that the credit card industry was very risky, but Fairbank was ready to take a chance in this, what can be, highly profitable field.

As competition increased between savings and loans, banks, and credit unions, banks were eager to attract loan applicants in order to increase revenue and compete with other financial institutions. Jack S. Light, the author of Increasing Competition between Financial Institutions, said in his book that “commercial banks are diversifying their assets toward higher percentages of mortgages and consumer loans, and thrift institutions are seeking authority to diversify their loan structures. Moreover, mounting pressures are working toward, and have partially succeeded in, changing the authority of thrifts to include third-party payment accounts similar to commercial bank demand deposits.” (Light) Because of this eagerness to bring in new clients, they were willing to give out loans without checking into the financial stability of the borrower or the business that was requesting the loan. Unfortunately since the banks didn 't look into their clients’ financials adequately, many clients defaulted on their loans because they could not afford the payments, especially when balloon payments started.

Market power in banking, for example, may, to a degree, be beneficial for access to financing. With too much competition, banks may be less inclined to invest in relationship lending .At the same time, because of hold-up problems, too little competition may tie borrowers too much to an individual institution, making the borrower less willing to enter a relationship (Claessens, 2009). More competition can then, even with relationship lending, lead to more access. Financial managers must be aware of its firm's competition and ensure a proper balance for financial

In the time between the end of World War II and the early 2000s, the ways consumers used debt changed significantly. However, one thing remained clear, borrowing became the new lifestyle that most Americans adopted. Borrowing allowed the average working and middle class person to purchase homes and the items that filled their interiors. It also became the fuel to a resurrecting economy. The trust between borrowers and lenders has encouraged the stimulation of the economy. Because of this, debt has played a crucial role in American history.

“If you think about the structure of how banks make money, on some level they store money at extraordinarily low rates and lend it out – usually on the credit card side – at extraordinarily high rates, so if you can find a way to lower that spread you have a great business

The financial crisis of 2007 and 2009 was the worst since the great depression. It was not a single event but a series of crises whose seeds had been planted in yet another recession of 2001 and the era of the internet bubble years earlier (Bodie, Kane, & Marcus, 2011). One of the reasons for the crisis was the rise in subprime lending. Subprime loans were offered to individuals who did not qualify for prime rate loans and carried a higher rate of interest than prime loans (Gilbert, 2011). Another reason behind the subprime mortgage crisis is argued to have been due to the lack of ethics and poor policies such as the Goldman rule which encouraged pursuit of profitable opportunities irrespective of the effects on others (Watkins, 2011). In this paper, I will briefly define financial markets, outline types of financial markets and orders and trading mechanisms in

in between those who want to borrow money and those who want to lend money. The reason for the existence of financial intermermediaries is they process

Assume people want to buy a house, so people can go to commerical bank apply for loans, then commerical bank agree to borrow money and set a schedule for people to repay. After that, bank has two choice of that mortage, bank can hold the mortgage and earn the interest that people pay for bank every months. Also, bank can sells the mortgage to investment bank. At first the commerical bank can quickly gets cash, and give loans to other people who also want to buy house, and secondly, commerical bank will have no more responsible for any risk of that mortgage.

In the financing market, there is an important need to balance the powers between lenders and borrowers. In this market, the borrowers are in a relatively weak position to negotiate the interest rates of their loans, being the party in need. Lenders, in accordance to the law of supply and demand, can strategically withhold money supply to increase demand and interest rates. Historically, government regulators ensured, through usury laws, that consumers were protected against financial predators (Bowsher, 1974). However, the current trend in the financing market has moved steadily towards loosening the usury laws and allowing the markets to dictate interest rates. This paper will attempt to understand this trend through a series of six questions and answers.

From the data discovered based on the increase of technology, it provided an understanding of the traditional process of being granted or providing loans and mortgages. Banks traditionally grant loans to individuals or businesses that meet specific credit requirements and would receive periodic payments. This process continues until the loan is fully paid off. Due to the increase in technology, banks were able to lower their costs for transactions by securitizing loans electronically. This innovation allowed them to bundle up all small loans into a standard debt security, which then could be bought and sold in the financial market. This led to a structured credit product offering that generated large cash flows from a collection of underlying assets with certain risk management. Investors had the opportunity to pick and choose what they wanted to purchase depending on their likes and

Likewise, the CFPB’s current plan to regulate payday lenders out of business, is actually a boon to the growing illegal internet lenders who increasingly operate from off-shore. Again, excessive one-size-fits-all regulation by CFPB threatens the viability of small town lenders who follow the rules, and creates a monopoly for Wall Street banks who can absorb those costs, and illegal lenders ramping up to serve the flood of desperate working

This is the result of commercial and investment banks lending vast sums for housing purchases and consumer loans to borrowers who are ill-equipped to repay. As consumers begin to default on their loans, banks are realizing the horrendous fact that they have no tangible cash to carry out business procedures. These profound errors in risk management are taking disastrous tolls on the economy.

Fintech platform Credi has announced that it will expand its operations to New Zealand. The platform which first launched in Australia in April enables lending between family members. By formalizing the lending that occurs between family members, the platform aims to set out an agreement with scheduled repayments agreed upon by both parties. By setting these agreements, the platform aims to ensure that relationships remain intact when family members lend out to one another and to prevent disputes from arising. Credi has already had some early success in Australia, facilitating around $35 million of loans since its launch, driven by the increasing importance of the Bank of Mum and Dad due to housing affordability issues. There is potential to

* Not only do borrowing and lending rates differ due to taxes and transaction costs, but some individuals are screened out of legitimate credit markets altogether due to informational asymmetries

According to the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), the number of bank branches shrinks dramatically after the crisis. A total loss of 7, 689 bank branches occurred from 2009 to 2016. Figure \ref{f: map} shows the gain and loss of bank branches in the U.S. counties. In the local lending markets, banks used to act as the key financial intermediaries. A well developed banking network eases access to credit, which benefits the local economy by eliminating poverty (Burgess and Pande 2005) and activating the labor markets (Bruhn and Love 2014). However, the use of credit score and the development of secondary market reduces the importance of lender-borrower distance in local credit supply markets (Petersen and Rajan 2002; Berger