7). There a few courses of action we could take with this girl. Their philosophy of “treatment” would mostly stick to reinforcement. Probably using a mixture of negative and positive, which is what Skinner and his colleagues are most famous for thinking. They like to make sure what they qualify as good behaviors stay and bad ones get tossed out the window. The idea could mix a little with social learning theory. If she won’t raise her hand, then they might suggest using more positive reinforcement for children who raise their hands. Then this little girl will look at what those kids are getting and copy them. She will do this in hopes she will get that same reinforcement. The other approach to use with positive reinforcement is to call on
The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down is a story that portrays the life of a young Hmong girl named Lia Lee and her battle with heritage and the medical profession. The novel displays two interchanging story lines. One story line exhibits the life of a young girl named Lia Lee and her family as they live as immigrants in the U.S, and the other story line displays the Hmong heritage history. Both of these storylines come together and the novel shows how the two are interchangeable.
Reinforcement is an essential part in identifying and encouraging a certain behavior. In the most classic definition, positive reinforcement is a method of identifying to children which behaviors are acceptable and appropriate and which are not (Sigler, E. & Aamidor, S, 2005). Reinforcement is often given as praise for doing a certain task. As educators, saying “great job” or a simple word like “fantastic” are expressed towards students as praise. However, when a student is struggling and praise is given such as “you are doing so well”, the negative aspects of praise present themselves. The child is aware of the empty praise therefore it may work against the teacher if it is taken as a false
Every day we are surrounded by technology such as phones and computers. While we know that technology can help us to improve and advance our society, it still has a downfall. When daily tasks get easier, people get lazier. In Ray Bradbury’s, Fahrenheit 451, technology is everywhere; fast cars, interactive homes, mechanical hounds, and the parlor walls. Technology can be used to make life easier, they can emphasize human characteristics of distraction, censorship, and ignorance, which could be potentially harmful for society.
Keeping in mind that identifying the variables that maintain problem behavior (reinforcement) is more affective for treatment selection (Mevers, Fisher, Kelley, and Fredrick, 2014), one common treatment for problem behavior is Noncontingent reinforcement. (Carr, Severston, & Lepper, 2009). NCR is used in combination with extinction for problem behavior and involves dense schedules of reinforcement that are decreased gradually (as cited in; Phillips, Iannaccone, Rooker, and Hagopian, 2017). The problem behavior may be replaced by an alternative behavior already existing in the individual repertoire, during NCR (Virues-Ortega, Iwata, Fahmie, and Harper, 2013). The American Psychological Association’s Division 12 criteria for empirically supported treatments established NCR and extinctions as an effective treatment for problem behavior (Chambless & Hollon, 1998). When the schedules of NCR are dense there is a reduction of the Motivating operation (MO) for problem behavior (as cited in; Phillips, Iannaccone, Rooker, and Hagopian, 2017). NCR is more effective when the same reinforcement maintaining the behavior (functional reinforcement) is used in the contingency instead of an alternative reinforcement (as cited in Phillips,iannaccone, Rooker, & Hagopian, 2017). Thus, the same reinforcement responsible for maintaining problem behavior should be used in an NCR contingency (Vollmer et al. 1993). In a study by Phillips, Iannaccone, Rooker, & Hagopian (2017), Non-contingent
Vicarious reinforcement is defined as a phenomenon in which a response increases in frequency when another person is observed being reinforced for that response. (watching what happen to someone else and if it is a positive it may be copied by other students). It is a way to recognize and reward desirable behavior in hopes that it will continue.
In the episode, Sheldon is using positive reinforcement to train Penny to not annoy him. He gives Penny a piece of chocolate when she does something that pleases him. An example would be when Penny accidently sits in Sheldon’s seat, she immediately moves out of his seat. This earns her a piece of chocolate. Penny starts to change her behavior to earn the piece of chocolate from Sheldon.
If I recall from my undergraduate days, positive reinforcement occurs dependent on a behavior occurring when reward is presented that’s dependent on that behavior. A few years back, a student and parents were sitting in my office and the mom says, “Mi hijo, you did not know English five years ago, and now you are helping your brothers with their homework. In a few more classes, you will learn to do this and be able to help your brothers too. They learn so good from you.” I am always fascinated by moms and dads that can use positive reinforcement as a powerful tool to achieve a variety of agenda in regards to keeping their children motivated academically. For many of my immigrant parents, the term “positive reinforcement”
Literature suggests that positive learning environments are built on student – teacher relationships and that these relationships provide the critical foundations upon which to support positive learning. As a mathematics tutor who recently completed an honours thesis based on student understanding, I stand in full agreeance of the literature, before I can adequately tutor a struggling student I need to understand how that student learns. This understanding of student learning is best gained through building a positive relationship with the student and as stated by Skemp (1976) ‘talking with the student, is undoubtedly the best way to assess which mental processes were used’. I believe students must feel that their learning is important, be
If I as a HSP were working with clients diagnosed with HIV or AIDS, for the most part, I would proceed in similar ways. With both clients, I would suggest that the individual join a support group and I would help them deal with possible thoughts of suicide (Kanel, 2014). I would help both of them to seek out educational material pertaining to treatment options, lifestyle changes and success stories. I would help them to find a positive in this apparently negative situation, and help them to nurture that positive and integrate it into their life. All of this would help them to see that this diagnosis is not the end, just the beginning of a new chapter in their life. With the HIV positive client, I would spend extra time working with them to find educational material about their new condition. I would also discuss safe sexual practices, and the healthy lifestyle changes, to ensure that my client has the best chances of living a long and healthy life. With the Client
The secondary reinforcers is a stimulus conduct after been associated with the the primary reinforcers. The psychologists prefer negative reinforcement to punishment as a way to shape a behavior because The primary reinforcers occur naturally and do not need to be learned,on the contrary the second reinforcers tend to stimuli and change people's behavior. An example of negative reinforcement in my life is waking up early in order to to be on time in class,another example would be drinking coffee in the morning in order to stay awake. An example of punishment in your life was In 8 grade my mom took my phone away because I was going late to bed, and did not want to wake up early the next morning. Punishment reinforcement is better in my opinion
When talking about positive reinforcement, I believe it is a great and effective strategy for teachers to implement in their classroom. In my readings, I found an interesting strategy to keep up the positive reinforcements for students. In this example, a teacher put 10 pennies into her right pocket and moved a penny to her left pocket every time she found a way to recognize the positives in a student.(Kaiser & Rasminsky, 2012) I believe that this strategy would work really well for maintaining positive reinforcement in the classroom. I know that sometimes teachers start off really strong and they fade out the longer they're in the classroom. With a strategy like this where there is a set number that the teacher needs to meet every day the
I am using B.F. Skinner’s reinforcement theory to theorize Tommy Bandas from Bandura’s case study. This patient’s presenting problem consists of acting out as he picks on other children, especially the girls in his class. This could be happening because of his home environment since Tommy’s dad did all of the talking when they spoke to the teacher, cutting Tommy’s mom off whenever she tried to bump in. There are also incidents where Tommy trips or pushes the “nerd” of the class, causing the other boys to join him by laughing at the situation. This behavior he’s showing may have been influenced due to his dad since he does not see Tommy’s behavior as a problem and instead makes it seem like Tommy is growing into a stronger person.
May we carry out all our positive learnings with us for the rest of our lives and be a good fellow alumnus of Pratt Institute. For I know every single one of us are bright and talented. The possibilities and opportunities are now limitless. We are the next big thing and I surely will miss everyone. Today is one of the happiest days of our lives thus far. At the same time, it is sad to realize that the people we use to see every day, we might not see any more after this day. We should try to mitigate that as much as possible and keep this network and friendship well-polished. Although, I guess that is what life is about. It makes our lives more stressful and more of a mess. I heard once, “No matter how neatly you organize your desk, it will
Negative reinforcement is when something negative or unpleasant is removed after the situation to reinforce a future behavior. Contrary to reinforcement is punishment. Positive punishment is when an unpleasant event is added to a situation following a behavior (e.g. unpleasant scolding). Negative punishment is when something pleasant is removed from the situation following a behavior (e.g. losing privileges). The alternative to reinforcing or punishing is ignoring a behavior. This is known as extinction (Sigelman & Rider, 2009). Although behaviorism acknowledges a close relation between environment and organism and emphasize active learning (Wilson & Meyers, 2000), action is ultimately determined by environment rather than by self (Taetle & Cutietta, 2002).
Take care of motivation, and learning will take care of itself. Learning comes from all forms of understanding. A person whether they are children or adults must take care of themselves in order to focus and maintain what is important. Self esteem in students is especially important when students are learning so when the self-esteem is high the motivation is high thus the learning will excel. One of the key responsibilities as teachers is to become a motivator. Motivation is how people move themselves to do an activity, job or anything that needs to be done. Motivation comes within the person and the interest and the spark of curiosity must be ignited, as teachers we gain motivation by rewards, and grades. Which is why motivation needs to be monitored constantly if we have the motivation than our learners will want to learn.