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Point of View in Ken Kesey's One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest

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Point of View in Kesey's One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest

The choice that a novelist makes in deciding the point of view for a novel is hardly a minor one. Few authors make the decision to use first person narration by secondary character as Ken Kesey does in One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest. By choosing Bromden as narrator instead of the central character of Randle Patrick McMurphy, Kesey gives us narration that is objective, that is to say from the outside of the central character, and also narration that is subjective and understandably unreliable. The paranoia and dementia that fill Bromden's narration set a tone for the struggle for liberation that is the theme of the story. It is also this choice of narrator that leads …show more content…

Bromden's narrative at the very outset of the novel is decidedly paranoid: "I creep along the wall quiet as dust in my canvas shoes, but they got special sensitive equipment detects my fear and they all look up, all three at once, eyes glittering out of the black faces like the hard glitter of radio tubes out of the back of an old radio" (9). The reader must understand that this voice is delusional and what we read in the story should not necessarily be believed. Bromden suffers from nightmares that he believes are real, "A furnace got its mouth open somewhere, licks up somebody" (81). And he floats in and out of a debilitating fog, "They start the fog machine again and it's snowing down cold and white all over me like skim milk, so thick I might even be able to hide in it if they didn't have a hold on me" (13). Bromden is describing what he believes to be real: "He is insisting that answers to basic questions cannot hang upon so fragile a peg as 'fact'" (Hunt 15). The end of the first chapter says this very succinctly: "But it's the truth even if it didn't happen" (13).

It is the fear of control by unknown forces, the Combine as Bromden terms it, which gives the novel its tone. It is man's struggle for freedom against the machine of society that churns out the perfect product. "The ward is a factory for the Combine. It's for fixing up

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