Poiseuille’s Law Assists in Knowledge About the Human Body Essay

Once the limits have been reached, there is very little or no change that will occur in the response to any pressure change. This is figured out by using the equation of change in pressure and the change in volume. (Jardins, 2013) By using this equation it will help figure out how compliant the lungs are. This is critical in figuring lung dysfunctions and developing care for a patient. One of the major diseases that lowers the elastance of the lung and the most preventable is Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD is categorized with an increase of airway resistance and the loss of lung elasticity. As a restriction in airflow develops, it leads to the hyperinflation of the alveoli. Some other diseases that are caused by low elastic conditions and is related to Hooke’s law are traumatic chest injuries, pneumonia, pneumothorax, pleural effusion, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary edema, and interstitial lung disease. All of the disease and/or illness’s cause the pressure-volume curve to slide to the right very quickly and allows the lung elastic properties to decrease significantly. (Jardins, 2013)

Another important intervention was to maintain the head of the bed at 30-45 degrees and position L.M.’s left lung into a dependent position to improve ventilation and perfusion. L.M.’s O2 was decreased to 63 and her CO2 was increased to 50. According to the IHI, it is recommended to elevate the bed to 30- 45 degrees to improve ventilation. Patients that lay in the supine position have lower spontaneous tidal volumes on pressure support ventilation compared to those laying at more of an angle (Institute for Healthcare Improvement, 2012). In regards to positioning, when the least damaged portion of the lung is placed in a dependent position it receives preferential blood flow. This redistribution of blood flow helps match ventilation and perfusion, therefore, improving gas exchange (Lough, Stacy & Urden, 2010). Implementing these interventions combined with respiratory therapy, significantly improved the blood gas values for oxygen and carbon dioxide levels.

The presence of fluid in the alveolar space could potentially cause the lung capacity to be effected as well.

Air escaped from the lung into the pleural space. Eventually, enough air collected in the pleural space to cause the mediastinum to shift twoard the right. The collapsed left lung, increased intrapleural pressure, and rightward shift make it difficult to ventilate A.W.

Progress inside the bronchi generally makes this affected individual experience less than breathing. They should find them selves breathing problems along with breathing problems, experiencing ache in stomach place or, using some circumstances, breathing problems along with paying blood. Others will present signs along with signs

There are different factors that affect lung volumes such as taller people and people who live in higher altitudes often have larger volumes compared to shorter people or people who live at lower altitudes. Other variables such as age, gender and weight also have an effect on the lung function. As a person gets older not only does the natural elasticity of the lungs

Some asthmatics use a peak flow meter to gauge their lung function. Lung function decreases

The narrowing of the bronchial tube can be caused by inflammation (redness, irritation, swelling), bronchospasm (muscles tightens) and hyperreactivity (when the airway becomes highly reactive and sensitive)

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia due to the use of ventilators. Ventilators disturb the normal growth of the lungs.

The measuring of flow-volume loops (FVL) in laboratory settings during exercise are becoming increasingly popular to identify the limiting mechanics of ventilation (Johnson, Beck, Zeballos & Weisman, 1999a). The collection of a maximum flow-volume loop (MFVL) through a forced maximal maneuver at rest allows researchers to compare a baseline value with tidal loops obtained during exercise (Johnson et al., 1999a). Dominelli and Sheel state that MFVL provides information on an individual’s capability to produce volume and flow with respect to their mechanical ceilings (2012). Placing the respective tidal loops associated with different exercise intensities within a resting MFVL shows the difference in volumes during exercise and rest. An MFLV maneuver would yield the largest loop; whereas, the resting tidal loop would be the smallest (Johnson, Weisman, Zeballos & Beck, 1999b). Additionally, tidal loops during exercise will fit somewhere between resting and maximal tidal loops; increasing in volume as intensity increases; however, the loops still remain small in comparison to the MFVL (Johnson et al. 1999b). This aforementioned trend observed in healthy individuals during increasingly intense exercise is related to the lack of constraints on ventilation (Johnson et al. 1999b). Major factors responsible for limiting ventilation at rest and during exercise are bronchodilation and bronchoconstriction; these in turn affect total lung capacity (TLC)--a key measure with

•respiration becomes more inefficient (less air is moved in and out) because the pressure across the diaphragm is reduced.

Before we conduct the experiment, we must first understand what viscosity is. “Viscosity is the quantity that describes a fluid's resistance to flow”.1 It is essentially fluid friction and transforms kinetic energy of motion into heat energy, just as friction (“the force between surfaces in contact that resists their relative tangential motion”) does between

These effects which make your heart work harder to pump blood through your pulmonary arteries and lungs. For a long time, the pressure on arteries inclines. Surely, the

Both of heart and lung blood circulating providing tissues will be able to create blood flow in two prominent ways especially in vascular beds. One of these modes is called non-coining flow perfusion and the other known as coining flow perfusion (known as pulsating and non-pulsating flow in physiology). Usually, these two flow perfusion routines will be useful in blood circulating machines that are used in different health centers with their own specified routines. It seems that pulsating flow must be able to overcome the capillary contraction pressure (1).

At this stage, the volume in the lungs increases (intrapulmonary pressure) from the external intercostal muscle contracting to raise the ribs and the diaphragm depress. The diaphragm contracts by moving down increasing the area of the thoracic cavity and your intercostal muscles contract outwards resulting in the intrapulmonary volume to increase and the intrapulmonary pressure drops to 759mmHg resulting in a -1 mmHg drop. Allowing the oxygen to flow down the pressure gradient filling up the lungs. The intrapleural pressure decreases in inhalation (inspiration) when the external intercostal contract. After inspiration we have an expiration, this is where we have the diaphragm relaxing it the moves up and internal intercostal muscles and transverse thoracic muscles depress. Expiration (exhalation) results in intrapulmonary volume to decreases from 760mmHg and the intrapulmonary pressure will increase to 761 mmHg which results in a difference of +1 mmHg compared to the atmospheric pressure of 760 mmHg. Another process that is return to a normal pressure is also the intrapleural pressure once the intercostal return to a depress stage. This will then release gases back out of the lungs due to the pressure gradient where gases will move from an area of high to low. (Hasudungan,