Political economy media theory identifies a socially critical approach that focuses primarily on the relationship between the economic structure and political force in media industries and the ideological content of the media outputs. China has a very special situation of the political interference which are much serious than other kinds of countries. In western capitalist countries, the media is defined as a separate news outlet with legally press freedom approval by the government and formal institution that are independent from the state. Thus one of the most obvious characters of the western media is press libertarian. (Reference)However, in China, under the control by the Chinese Communist Party, the media organs are the first and …show more content…
They argue that the Party utilizes the press staid mouthpiece role to consolidate political rule. For instance, Zhao Yuezhi( Zhao, 2000:3-26) argues that the Party is aiming to enhance political control through conglomeration and rationalization of market to the press. China’s Party Press is being transformed into what He Zhou calls ‘Party Publicity Inc.’ whose chief mission is to promote the Party’s achievements, image and legitimacy by means of softer, more friendly and responsive message delivered to its recipients. (He, 2000:48) While other researchers like Chan (Chan, J.M., 1993:1-19) argues that commercialization is leading the media away from an exclusive dedication to Party ideology. Not only the commercial and industrial nature of media and culture undertakings acknowledged and endorsed, specific commercialization targets and industrial growth goals were set by state media administrations. (Guo, 2006) Chinese government tries to keep validity of market without exerting political control on its traditional press content. (Zi,2003a). Just as Herman and Chomsky (1988:1-35) in the book ‘ manufacturing the consent’ argue that the ‘raw material of news’ passes through a series of five filter constraints, ‘leaving only the cleaned residue fit to print’. These filter elements continuously interact with and reinforce one another’ and have multilevel effects on media performance. Chinese media commercialization leads to a tendency assembling to capitalist countries,
The surrounding environment easily and biologically affects human beings. Media is one of the aspects that people can easily approach. Today the media is so powerful that the development of communities depends on the influence of media to society. Now, the social issue, “can government control the media?” is brought up in our society. Since the society will casually follow the government, which will lead to the greater unity and stability, some people agree with the idea. However, the government should not control over the media. By referring to predications made by George Orwell in ‘1984’ and Aldous Huxley in ‘Brave New World’, changing advertisement to propaganda and media supporting the government are the most rapid methods to become a communist
Accentuating the comical nature of the media, society strongly adheres to the opinions of influential leaders imposed by the susceptible nature of public conformity and the obscure outlying opinions of the media figures.
How are you informed about voting and elections? With the invention of television, American politics would be forever changed. Politics and television have evolved to be so intertwined that they are now almost one and the same. Since the invention of television in the nineteen fifties the media has had a substantial impact on the outcome of a highly publicized campaign in both positive and negative ways. However, the transition from campaigning in front of unions, work places, and public forums to being able to reach more than millions of homes in America with a single ad led to a drastic reform in the way a president would seek election. The presidential election of the 1960 with John F. Kennedy and Richard M. Nixon would be the pioneering
The media is heavily biased especially when it comes to the news that is why certain news station I will not tune is to because of the ridiculous news story that they air. The media influences American politics and what people believe whatever the media let out people believe it without even questioning it or doing research to check to see if it is indeed true. And people who present the media know there are so many people who do that and the end result becomes so many misinformed people of what is really going on in American politics. But I have learned the true meaning of agree to disagree because in my opinion debates over religion and politics can get pretty nasty especially from people who are supposed to be religious. But it is better
In Anthony Dimaggio’s chapter Propaganda, Celebrity Gossip, and the Decline of News the author protests against the idea that the press presents objective and balance within their reporting or event that they exist independently or semi-independent of government and are instead propagandistic. Through reliance on celebrity news, corporate media effectively divert attention from critical political media – manufacturing consent and marginalize dissidents through entertainment media. Mass communication media are successful and influential political institutions functioning as propaganda for government and in doing so manufacture consent through relying on economic forces, assumptions, and self-censorship without overt coercion.
Over the centuries, the media has played a significant role in the shaping of societies across the globe. This is especially true of developed nations where media access is readily available to the average citizen. The media has contributed to the creation of ideologies and ideals within a society. The media has such an effect on social life, that a simple as a news story has the power to shake a nation. Because of this, governments around the world have made it their duty to be active in the regulation and control of media access in their countries. The media however, has quickly become dominated by major mega companies who own numerous television, radio and movie companies both nationally and
It is important to note the following when evaluating China’s media industry: Public service television is an essential service to the community and cohesion of democratic societies aimed at the production, publication and distribution of a set of radio and television channels airing the diverse and balanced for all audiences, covering all genres and designed to meet information needs, culture, education and entertainment of Chinese society, spread their identify and cultural diversity, promote the information society, promoting pluralism, participation and other constitutional values, ensuring access for significant social and political groups.
Finally, the social ramifications of corporate media control contradict the culture of democratic institutions in American culture and society. This has become a major issue in the clash between government regulators and the corporate institutions that are continuing to consolidate into larger, and more powerful companies in the 21st century. In this manner, the regulation of corporate media organizations tends to deny the existence of “democracy” in the U.S., which continually makes claims about the freedom of expression and diversity of its populations. This is also true of the reduction of government regulation, which continues to allow the consolidation of corporate media into a small group of transnational corporate owners. One of the
Few people, however, appear to understand the complex relationship between the government, and corporations that facilitates the broadcasting of PSAs. The findings indicate that societal support for propaganda in authoritarian regimes merits greater scholarly consideration. Perceptions of PSAs among urban Chinese suggest that many citizens unknowingly cede power to the state to guide public opinion through authoritarian communication, a capacity that contributes to the political resilience of the Chinese party-state. Support for propaganda in China reflects the public’s distrust of market forces as well as the continuing belief that central-level party and state institutions remain equipped to deal with many of the country’s pressing political
One reason why it matters who owns the news media is that is can be seen to affect the levels of free press within a state, determining therefore how regulated or censored information becomes. The freedom of the press is a factor that is highly influenced by the organisations and public figures that own the news media. Government ownership of the media, particularly authoritarian regimes, can be seen to limit the levels of free press a country has. Barker (2006, p. 5) argues that “authoritarian regimes regularly try to censor or control the mass media’s provision of vision and information”. His argument therefore suggests that if the state has a strong control of the news media, they are more easily able to alter the information that the public receive. For example in North Korea, newspapers, such as “the official party mouthpiece Rodong Sinmun, are all owned by the state” (BBC, 2011). This therefore allows the
There are major similarities between the two theories, especially regarding their underlying principles. Both models help understand the relationship between media and the society. The two theoretical frameworks perceive the media as an agent that promotes hegemony and the ideologies of the ruling class (Mosco, 2009). The political economy theory stresses on how the elite members of society use the media as a source of power to control the society. Similarly, popular
When the White House felt a retraction was not enough because so much harm had already been done, the media got extremely upset with the White House, due to the pressure they were putting on the publication (52-53). Begala agrees with Hewitt that the media has a bias, but argues that it is a liberal bias. He cites the media's obsession with the Clinton and Monica Lewinsky scandal and how, "Even when Clinton was leaving office, he was hounded and pounded by the press" (199). He argues the news coverage was unfair, brutal and unethical in the way both Bill and Hillary Clinton were treated during the scandal (200). Begala also says Al Gore was treated very poorly by the press during the election, by being misquoted. Gore made major contributions during the early phases of the internet and made a comment on CNN saying he "took the initiative in creating the Internet." Begala argues this was blown out of proportion and more than a thousand articles have been written quoting Gore saying he said he "invented the internet" (202). The people's perception that certain publications are bias can have a negative affect on journalists as a whole. While the public demands that the press question politicians, Robinson says there is public discontent when bad news is reported due to the publics distrust in news and a "kill the messenger syndrome." At times, the public will assume all media is the same and when one publication is guilty of inaccurate or bias
Proliferation of new media and the Internet is considered a key component of democratic, politically liberal countries. They are seen as a tool of empowerment and it is believed with expansion of online space in an authoritarian regime, a freedom struggle will be inevitable between the government and its netizens. Having said that, with already over 730 million Internet users and growing exponentially, China’s authoritarian system still remains resilient. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has maintains this strength by not only restricting what netizens do, see, or say, but also by adapting to this growth of internet users and by effectively utilizing the media and internet to enhance their control and stability. I believe although new media has a liberalizing effect authoritarian regimes, the strength of that effect can vary depending on the response of the regime. In the case of China, the CCP has adapted to the rise of new media, and instead of serving as a tool for authoritarian resistance, it has become a tool for the CCP enhance their control and stability and highlight the authoritarian resilience of the government.
The Peoples Republic of China (PRC) is engaged in a delicate balancing act; on the one hand to continue promoting economic liberalisation, and on the other, to maintain its communist ideological foundations. Market reform, or the transformation from a command economy to a market economy, has been on going since The Reform and Opening period, which was ushered in by CCP leader Deng Xiaoping in 1978. This contributed to huge social and economic development, which has had numerous positive impacts for the State, principally, allowing the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) to stay in power. However, in order to embrace market reform, the State had to relinquish partial control on their monopoly of information. This loosening of power occurred through easing restrictions on information allowed into China, and relaxing controls on who could influence the market. However, the State has also adapted to changing communication that came with market reform to stay in power. It has done this through modifying the structure of its propaganda system throughout different eras and using political narratives as a way to reconcile the tension between the market and State.
The propaganda model was developed by Edward Herman and Noam Chomsky in 1988. The propaganda model was published in the book of Manufacturing Consent, sought to provide an analytical framework that attempts to explain the behavioral and performance of the mass media in the United States (Herman, 2000). Herman and Chomsky (2002) argued that the propaganda model contains five filters which determine what is ‘news’. The first filter is the size, ownership, and profit orientation of the media, which refers to the cooperation between the mainstream media and the large conglomerate. The second filter is advertising, which refers to the mass media using advertising as the central source of income. The third filter is sourcing, which refers to the mass media dependency of information from the government, business and experts. The fourth filter is “flak”, which refers to the negative response that discipline the media. The fifth filter is anti-communism, which refers to the control mechanism of the