Preparation of Synthetic Banana Oil Essay

The main method to manufacture ethyl ethanoate is the esterification of ethanol with acetic acid. A mixture of acetic acid and ethanol with a small amount of sulphuric acid is preheated and put into an esterfying column in which it refluxed. When the mixture is removed it goes to a second reflux column where 85% of acetate is removed. Then the water is mixed with the distillate \and then separated into two layers. One of the top layer is fed into the refluxing column from where the residue which contains 95% of ethyl acetate is distilled to remove any

Experimental Procedure: Under a fume hood, assemble the Distillation apparatus in the same manner as the display apparatus supplied in lab. Place the Boiling stones in the bottom of the Round Bottom Flask along with the 25 mL sample of Hexane and Toluene. Once the Distillation apparatus is totally secure, attach the first rubber tubing on the lower water intake of the Condenser, and place the second rubber tubing on the upper water out take. Turn the hot plate on and begin recording the temperature for each mL sample collected in the graduated cylinder. After a 3 mL sample is collected, remove the graduated cylinder and collect a 2mL sample of the distillate, and label this as sample 1. Return the

Salicylic acid was esterfied using acetic acid and sulfuric acid acting as a catalyst to produce acetylsalicylic acid and acetic acid. The phenol group that will attack the carbonyl carbon of the acetic anhydride is the –OH group that is directly attached to the benzene since it is more basic than the –OH group attached to the carbonyl group. This method of forming acetylsalicylic acid is an esterification reaction. Since this esterification reaction is not spontaneous, sulfuric acid was used as a catalyst to initiate the reaction. Sulfuric acid serves as the acid catalyst since its conjugate base is a strong deprotonating group that is necessary in order for this reaction to be reversible. The need for the strong conjugate base is the reason why other strong acids such as HCl is not used since its conjugate base Cl- is very weak compared to HSO3-. After the reaction was complete some unreacted acetic anhydride and salicylic acid was still be present in

In this experiment, the Fischer Esterification of an unknown acid and an unknown alcohol was used to prepare an unknown ester. Sulfuric acid was used as a catalyst in the reaction which then was put under reflux. After cooling, the pH of the solution was raised to approximately 8 using sodium carbonate. Diethyl ether was added, then the aqueous layer was removed and the organic layer was washed with sodium chloride. The aqueous layer was removed again and sodium sulfate was added. The unknown product was then identified using gas chromatography (GC) to obtain the retention time.

This reaction is spontaneous for almost all esters but can be very slow under typical conditions of temperature and pressure. The reaction occurs at a much faster rate if there is a significant amount of base (OH-) in the solution. In this lab experiment, the rate of this reaction will be studied using an ester called para-nitrophenyl acetate (PNA), which produces an alcohol,

Condensation reaction is a chemical reaction that joins two reactants to form a larger molecule with the loss of a small molecule, usually water. 1 This reaction is used as a basis for many important process in the plastic/food industry. The most common being the formation of ester, also known as esterification. When a carboxylic acid is reacted with alcohol in the presence of a dehydrating agent, ester and water molecule are formed as products:

In this experiment, distillations were done. This is a technique that utilizes the differing boiling points of two or more compounds in a mixture in order to separate the compounds from the mixture. The way fractional distillation works is that the initial mixture is boiled up to the point of the lower boiling point compound; this compound then evaporates. This compound is then

Simple distillation is a separation technique which can be used to separate and purify distillates from a liquid mixture which ideally contains one volatile and one non-volatile compound. If such ideal conditions are not possible—as is usually the case—then simple distillation can be applied as long as the liquid in question is composed of compounds that differ in volatility such that their boiling points differ by at least 40 to 50 degrees Celsius. Because

118℃ and 118-119℃, and 126℃ respectively), when adding heat to the solution, both reactants, 1-butanol and ethanoic acid, will boil and turn into a vapour before the ester, at approximately 118℃. Therefore, their vapour will pass through the Liebig condenser and be condensed back into liquid form to be collected as a distillate before the ester. Only when the temperature reaches approximately 126℃ will the ester undergo this same process and be distilled to obtain an ester distillate. However, as the ester is distilled after the reactants, its distillate can only be collected later as a mixture with the distillates of the reactants. Moreover, as the density of 1-butanol and the ester, 1-butyl ethanoate is very similar (i.e. 0.81gmL-1 and 0.88gmL-1 respectively), it will also be hard to identify the ester layer. Hence, if a distillation set up were used for the production and collection of the ester, isolation of ester as it forms would not be

This was performed for the unknown compound and also the product of the synthesis reaction. First, to prepare a solution a scoopula was used to place approximately 0.05 g of the unknown compound in a section of the spot plate. A wash bottle was used to add about 2 mL of water to the compound, which was stirred with a stir stick until dissolved. A pipette was then used to add 10 drops of 6M HCl to the solution. When wafted toward the experimenter, a strong smell of vinegar indicates the presence of acetate formed due to acetic acid.

To prepare and purify an ester: 1-pentyl ethanoate, using pent-1-ol and ethanoic acid. An annotated reaction showing this reaction is shown below:

In case you're attempting to go alkaline, you'll have to know which nourishments enable your body to get to and remain in alkaline form. The general thought is to eat foods without stressing over an acidic impact, albeit some are more alkaline than others. It's not important to eat just basic foods to get the body's pH levels to be alkaline, and a specific rate of nourishment can and ought to be acidic. However, you should attempt to pick natural foods such as natural grains, vegetables, and fruits.

A 10 mL round-bottom flask was weighed both before and after approximately 1.5 mL of the given alcohol, 4-methyl-2-pentanol, was added. 3 mL of glacial acetic acid, one boiling chip, and 2-3 drops of concentrated sulfuric acid were added to the flask in that order. The reflux apparatus was assembled, the

An ice bath was prepared in a large beaker and a small cotton ball was obtained. 0.5 g of acetanilide, 0.9 g of NaBr, 3mL of ethanol and 2.5 mL acetic acid was measured and gathered into 50mL beakers. In a fume hood, the measured amounts of acetanilide, NaBr, ethanol and acetic acid were mixed in a 25mL Erlenmeyer flask with a stir bar. The flask was plugged with the cotton ball and placed in an ice bath on top of a stir plate. The stir feature was turned on a medium speed. 7mL of bleach was obtained and was slowly added to the stirring flask in the ice bath. Once all the bleach was added, stirring continued for another 2 minutes and then the flask was removed from the ice bath and left to warm up to room temperature. 0.8mL of saturated sodium thiosulfate solution and 0.5mL of NaOH solution were collected in small beakers. The two solutions were added to the flask at room temperature. The flask was gently stirred. Vacuum filtration was used to remove the crude product. The product was weighed and a melting point was taken. The crude product was placed into a clean 25mL Erlenmeyer flask. A large beaker with 50/50 ethanol/water

3. After the reaction is complete, dilute with 5 mL of saturated ammonium chloride solution and extract the product with 10 mL of ethyl acetate.