Pro-seminar Indvidual Theory Course Restoration Exam Based on a systematic review of liertature on the dissertation topic: attituides of Arab Americans toward persons with developemntal disabilties, a researcher defines what does mean by a theory and identify those thoeies that were discssied in the litertute and how they underpin the examination of Arab American attitudes toward persons with developmental disabilities. Futhermore, a researcher provides describtion to theories that were utlitiezed in the study, and application of selected thories were discssued. Lastly, a disscsion on what have been learnred from those thories in reltionship to the study topic. Theoretical Framework According to Payne (2005), a theoretical framework serves as a guide in a research study and can help us determine what decisions we need to make how to choose between alternative choices and solutions. From the social work perspective, a theory is “a construction, interacting with a real world of social relations, but because it is a construction, we are able to adapt and develop it as we practice, just as we can help clients to develop and adapt by our practice. To do so, we need to have ideas to direct, manage and inform what we do” (Payne, 2005, p.4). A simple definition by a theorist scholar Bent Goodley (2009) describing a theory as a language for us to move from observation to another and this what make us think about different situations. A theory can explain these situations directly
As described above, chapter five takes a look at the notion of theory, the book breaks down this chapter explain what is theory, making a theory, theory and contemporary social work and lastly expanding the theoretical possibilities. The textbook views on what a theory is that it can analysis of facts that can explain phenomena, it can describe anything values, oppression and grief. The making of a theory consists of developing different perspectives, critiquing existing approaches, question social exclusion and challenging social realities. Theory and contemporary social work is to evaluate theories, like social systems and ecosystem perspective and compare it to social
The first reason why “Theories” are beneficial to use is that “a theory can provide guidance for investigation”. This means that when we are investigating something we can look at a theory and that can direct the direction that the investigation goes. If the investigation doesn’t go the way that the theory predicts it often means that something is false (Gould & Lewis 29).
Theories are a series of interconnected proposals. Theories are an effort to describe, explain, predict, and finally control a period of events. We are able to base our experiments and select the contenders for the experiments off of our theories. We are able to test our theories by how well the cumulated data describes, relates to and predicts reality. Theories act as patterns for interpreting specific data that we may refer back to. These patterns ensure we stay on topic and are able to obtain the proper results needed to verify our theories.
After the civil war ended, the process of reconstructing the south began. The North was determined to industrialize the south to bolster the economy and create a society not dependent on agriculture. Through this process, the north tried to institute rules and regulations surrounding the issue of racial equality, but the southern peoples would take actions against the northern diplomacy. After much of the south not being able to live with the regulation surrounding the plantation and society, the north ended the reconstruction process. The lack of republican determination and the actions taken by Andrew Johnson turned the reconstruction process into a regressing back to the old ways of the south. Andrew Johnson was sentimental towards the south, allowing the southern elites to ensure the reestablishment of a similar plantation system. Due to the south being reserved in their two-hundred year society, the history and status quo of slavery and the plantation system rejected the progression of the south.
A theory is a set of systematic informed hunches about the way things work. A good theory goes beyond accepted wisdom and offers explanations and speculations about phenomena. Additionally, a good theory consists of a system of concepts which means that the theorist were able to make connections among his ideas. A theory tends to shape our perception of reality and behaviour and guides us through unknown areas.
Theory simply tells the essential truth about the real world through evidence obtained by scientific method. Barker defines theory as a group of related hypotheses, concepts, and constructs, based on facts and observations all in which attempt to explain a phenomenon. Every theory is unique, but can reflect some of the same general ideas. Though every theory has a different focus, they can all be intertwined in order to enhance therapeutic alliance. In order to choose the best theoretical orientation for ourselves and how they will benefit our practice, we first have to understand the meaning of theoretical orientation.
Certainly, researching, practicing, and applying theories into a counseling student’s practice can help the future counselor find their theoretical orientation. Throughout the student’s education, they are researching and learning about the nature of theories and becoming aware of a theory that fits their interventions and techniques. Furthermore, a counseling degree requires counseling students to obtain experiencing by completing practicums and internships to help the student gain more insight in how to properly apply a certain approach with a client and practice applying approaches to find their theoretical orientation. Indeed, finding an orientation is not going to happen overnight. This takes time, research, and practice to find the theoretical
Theories are an integral part of sexuality counseling. Theories provides the framework for counselors to intervene, set goals, and promote change within the therapeutic relationship (Long, Burnett, & Thomas, 2006). Unfortunately, without these theories, counselors would not be much help to their clients.
A theory is an explanation of why or how things are related to each other (Bohm & Vogel, 2011). Additionally, a theory is defined as a plausible or scientifically acceptable principle, or a body of principles, offered to explain phenomena (Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 2017). Furthermore, crime theories examine and attempt to identify relationships among humans, criminal behavior, and specific factors such as biological factors, psychological factors, sociological factors, and economic factors (Bohm & Vogel, 2011). Since we have defined a theory, let us further discuss how theories are created beginning with the components of a theory.
Sociological theories are the core and underlying strength of the discipline. They guide researchers in their studies. They also guide practitioners in their intervention strategies. And they will provide you with a basic understanding of how to see the larger social picture in your own personal life. Theory=a set of interrelated concepts used to describe, explain, and predict how society and its parts are related to each other. The metaphor I’ve used for many years to illustrate the usefulness of a theory is what I call "The goggles metaphor." Goggles are a set of inter-related parts that help us see things more clearly. Goggles work because the best scientific components work together to magnify, enlarge, clarify, and expand to our view the
In the article, Cultural Beliefs and Attitudes about Disability in East Africa, reported many East African communities had varied beliefs about where disabilities come from such as punishment for misdeeds, to Christian based views of divine intervention, to medical explanations as well as sometimes a combination of any of the three. What was interesting was a common theme found in regards to their value frequently fell to the ability to contribute to the community and/or to fit in to social norms (social development). This seemed to be more common in the rural areas. In other more urban areas, the complete opposite was found. Education was denied to families with children who had disabilities, work opportunities were also denied to them. The report further states “there is more compelling evidence that individuals with disabilities in East Africa continue to be excluded from schools and opportunities for work, virtually ensuring that they will be live as the poorest of the
Similar quality improvement project was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of a nurse-driven removal protocol on the incidence and duration of indwelling urinary catheter use as well as CAUTI rates in hospitalized adults at a 150-bed community hospital in the Mideastern United States (Mori, 2014). A multidisciplinary team of clinical nurse specialists, infection control staff, and physicians developed a practice standard based on the recommendations provided by the CDC. Several conditions were outlined as warranting the use of urinary catheter: 1) perioperative use for selected surgical procedures; 2) urine output monitoring in critically ill patients; 3) management of acute urinary retention and urinary obstruction; 4) assistance in
Theory delivers an instrument or idea to understand a specific theme, and provides tangible enlightenment for it. The real-world application of theory can be done only with the assistance of the understanding provided by the theory. Theory can be verified only by how it applies practically to the hypothesized ideas, explanations and variables that require examination. This can be accomplished through how it is applied. Consequently, the two terms of research and theory are interlinked, and there is a shared association between both theory and its application.
Theories in sociology provide us with different perspectives with which to view our social world. A perspective is simply a way of looking at the world. A theory is a set of interrelated propositions or principles designed to answer a question or explain a particular phenomenon; it provides us with a perspective. Sociological theories help us to explain and predict the social world in which we live.
According to Haralambos and Holborn (2008), a theory is a set of ideas which attempts to explain how something works.