The Way Lgbtq Status, Disabilities, And Gender Affect Development

Disability has been a difficult topic of society for years. Many people find discomfort in the presence of the disabled and many feel pity for those who are disabled. Back in the 1800s, the disabled were perceived as unable to contribute to society, often forced to undergo sterilization, and forced into institutions and asylums (“A Brief History”). In fact, this treatment of the disabled and mentally ill has been persistent until somewhat recently, when the Civil Rights movement took place, and those with disabilities decided to take a stand for their rights. Although people with disabilities continue to face difficulties in finding jobs, legitimizing their opinion, having the right to vote, and choosing whether or not they receive or refuse

Disability is a definition of a physical or mental condition which impacts on a person’s movements, activities and senses. People with disabilities were informed of bias and disadvantages compared to an ordinary person. There are many biases and prejudices contributed to the discrimination of individuals with a disability. Partly because of social connotations the disabled people are useless, cannot work. In fact, these extraordinary people always bring and do incredible things. They not only overcome their grim fate, but also bring good things to life, especially those who are perfectly considering better than an ordinary person, they are not aware of the capacity of individuals disabilities with them characteristics such as loyalty, dedication, and hard work.

Dr. Munyi of Kenyatta University states in “Past and Present Perceptions Towards Disability: A Historical Perspective” that fear,

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) falls within societal minority groups such as low income, people of color, and disables (AHRQ, 2011). Due to their gender identity, discrimination, violence, and even denial of human rights and healthcare services is a common challenge among LGBT population. LGBT still faces many health disparities primarily related to the historic bias of healthcare professionals anti-LGBT manners even though society acceptance has been favorable. According to Ard and Makadon (n.d), “until 1973, homosexuality was listed as a disorder…, and transgender still is.” This stigma prevents healthcare professionals to openly ask questions in a non-judgmental manner related to sexual identity. On the other hand, if the patient senses that the healthcare environment is discriminating they may be reluctant to disclose important information as their sexual orientation; thus, missing important opportunities of been educated about safety and health care risks.

As a minority group, they face cultural stereotypes, discrimination, and social stigma of being disabled and an African American. Within the African American culture, specific disabilities are also looked at with a culture lenses which puts further stress on African American persons with disabilities. The relationship between African Americans and disability is complicated because the black community associates social stigma to certain kinds of disabilities. In addition, African Americans lack social support that could enable access and accommodation when compared with other ethnic

There is a discrete difference between the definition of sex and gender. Sex, is more so, the physical differences that is noted in the human anatomy. On the other hand, gender, more so addresses the idealized image that is often associated with the given sex. Women are “weak”. Men are “strong”. To further analyze and add on to this definition, in Rethinking Sex and Gender, Christine Delphy addresses the terms of which “the idea that gender is independent of sex has progressed.” She then goes on to state, “the aspect of ‘sex roles’ and sexual situations that are recognized to be socially constructed rather than biologically determined” (Delphy). The idea of sex roles has been socially constructed through our moral values, rather than it being biologically constructed. Yet, where do such sex roles attribute to those with long term disabilities? Often times, the physical or intellectual disability of individuals lead them to feel less of a boy or a girl. They feel like they don’t conform to the stereotypical image of the perfect male or female. There is a lack of association of being “feminine” or “masculine” with their own identity. In 2014, a research was conducted of men with long- term conditions to study their feelings regarding their own identity. It was concluded that the “interviewees said that they want to be sexually active but feel as if their sexuality is ignored as they are ‘genderless’” (Learning Disability Practice).

Disability in a socio-cultural context can be defined as "a barrier to participation of people with impairments or chronic illnesses arising from an interaction of the impairment or illness with discriminatory attitudes, cultures, policies or institutional practices" (Booth, 2000). The traditional view of disability often focuses on the individual, highlighting incapacities or failings, a defect, or impairment. This focus creates obstacles to participation on equal terms since an individual who seems to lack certain capacities may not be able to attain autonomy.

Different disabilities may affect development in different ways. However, with support from teachers and parents, these affects can be minimalised. A learning disability such as Dyslexia (a common type of learning difficulty that can cause problems with reading, writing and spelling) could lead to a child becoming frustrated which could further lead to behavioural issues. Moreover, without assistance, Dyslexia will allow for the child to become unmotivated and prove to be a hindrance to them as they look to strive in later life. Physical disabilities such as Cerebral Palsy (a neurological condition that effects movement and coordination) will affect development as children will have difficulties communicating, eating and drinking and with their

A child’s early years of life could be said to be one of the most physiological, psychological and emotional susceptible stages of their development. It is at this stage that the effects of poverty on issues such as, health, social well-being, education, family life and housing conditions have an ever-lasting influence on the child. “Problems during childhood cast long shadows into adulthood” (Acheson 1999 p.34). The author will throughout the assignment touch on these issues, but in his estimation the effect these issues and particularly education, have on children with disabilities especially learning disabilities are the most under researched and under published and for this reason he will develop this initiative.

However, the disability culture doesn’t just stop in American society, it extends all over the world and into different communities. It is also where people are born and raised and the resources available to them in their environments that helps constitute whether families can help support their members with disabilities or if they can even find those kinship ties within their communities. Some parts of the world don’t have as strong of a disability community so often times it can be very difficult for those with a disability to find someone who has lived through similar struggles. The location of the person with the disability has a big impact on whether their family will be able to support them emotionally, mentally, and physically. For example, in America, there has been an evolution over the past decades of how society views those with disabilities. We went from the establishment of “ugly laws” to the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, where those with disbailities need to be given equal opportunities and cannot be discriminated against. However, in other countries they don’t have the same amount of resources or community support as the U.S. so it can become much more difficult for those within the disability community to find support from their family or each other. And the concept goes further to the culture in which people have grown up in, in China or India the presence or absence of disability in constructed by broader notions of kinship and radically different epistemologies from those used in the West” (Adams et al., 83). In some places a disability, depending on the conditions, can be seen as a gift from God or in other instances and cultures as a

Prior to the 19th century, disabilities and differences were viewed with fear and superstition. Considered "curses from the gods," many children and adults were abused and ignored based on their disabilities. Without concerned parents, understanding from society, and the civil rights movement, it is unknown how education and individuals with disabilities would intermingle.

In the Haitian culture it is very rare for someone to openly talk about disabilities. It does not matter if the person was born with the disability or gained the disability over time. They believe that a disability happens from the origin in the interaction of the natural and supernatural worlds. ( Stone, 147) As an example, a person with a disability has the disability because of a curse from Iwa, a spirit, who is upset. (Stone, 147) They believe that disability is a punishment. A Christian in Haiti believes that going against God is the equivalent as going against Iwa. They also believe that disability is caused by a spell that was cast by an enemy. A person with a disability in Haiti wants to live an independent life. They have the same values as the other people in Haiti who does not have a disability. Parents in Haiti are overprotective of their children, whether they have a disability or not. However, if their child has a disability, they love their child, consider them “worthless”. If their child has a mental disability, when they turn 18 they become they chose to be their legal guardians so they can continue to make

provides learning opportunities. It is also a registered charity and has lots of donors including disabled individuals. The article is about a combination of sexuality and disability. The author has also used her sister who has an intellectual disability for reference the sister would call and ask questions like "what does it mean if a guy asks for permission to kiss you". The author also emphasizes to her sister the importance of consent and what it means so she enjoys her sexual experiences at the same time have a healthy sexual life. The author also asks the sister about her wants, needs and desires. The article also explains how the odds are against women especially those with disabilities. They are four times more likely to experience sexual assault, it could be from caregivers, stripped searches, forced abortions, sterilization etc. The article also points out that Canada has a troubling history when it comes to disability and Sex.

The previous chapter employs anthropological techniques and theories to understand the relationship between disability and sexuality. Few researches in anthropology were incorporated in the previous chapter that examines the way cultural values and belief system, social structure and gender expectations impact the chances of people with disabilities in sexual and marriage relationships. This chapter explores the attitudes of the non disabled people towards those with developmental disabilities like that of Cerebral palsy, the impediments that people with such disabilities in regard to their sexuality and the recommended components for special education (sex education) programs for people with developmental disabilities.

There is no recent data on the situation of people with disabilities in Kenya. Some numbers are available, although these do not give an accurate picture of the number of disabled people living in the