Proclivity used a variety of methods to assess how and which attitudes in society can potentially lead to sexual violence. To be fair the evidence presented in this article did not take into account the manner in which men and women negotiated sexual consent. The research concluded that "men's rape proclivity was associated with personal acceptance of pressuring behaviors but not with their personal or normative acceptance of benevolent dating behaviors." (Strain et. al, 2015 pg. 333) Let us take a moment to breakdown the meaning of this statement in terms everyone is capable of understanding. Within the sample population those men whom were most likely to commit rape were more accepting of behaviors pressured women to have sex yet had little …show more content…
This is a question that for years, has plagued society and yet there is no completely definitive evidence available. However, a recent study published in Psychiatric Annals Vol. 48, Iss. 2 presented rather interesting information relating to the treatment of sexual offenders. "Based on National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) data, an estimated 431,840 rape/ sexual assault victimizations occurred in the US in 2015…," in addition "…it is a commonly accepted belief that the propensity to commit sexually abusive behaviors is chronic and enduring over the life-course with no known cure. However, researchers have found sexual offending behaviors are generally temporal, with average recidivism rates between 7% and 15% after 5 years. Treatment reduces these outcomes further, as the most recent five meta-analyses of sex offense recidivism have found that treatment is effective with a mean reduction of 22% across studies." (Sorrentino, Brown, Berard, Peretti 2018 pg.120) Against the commonly accepted beliefs of many individuals the evidence presented above shows that 22% of males that present sexually offensive behaviors can be rehabilitated through proper …show more content…
Some people watch television shows that not only depict acts of sexual violence, but under the presumption of certain individuals promote sexually deviant behaviors. One television show enjoyed but a large and diverse audience is Game of Thrones. In 2014 the show aired an episode that "Jaime Lannister, returned from a long quest, greets his sister Cersei, with whom he is in an incestuous relationship. Cersei is in mourning for their murdered son, the psychopathic King Joffrey; they meet in his funeral chamber. Cersei turns to Jaime in her grief, weeping 'my baby boy ... our son'. At first Jaime appears to comfort her, holding her and stroking her hair, but then there is a shift in tone; he turns on her, saying 'you're a hateful woman; why have the Gods made me love a hateful woman' and then, before she can reply, grabs her, throws her first onto the funeral bier and then to the ground and, to the sound of her weeping protests and cries of 'no', rapes her (SE04E9)." (Ferreday, 2015 pg. 21) Millions watched and continue to watch Game of Thrones, but scenes such as the one depicted above have no doubt influenced contributed to societies acceptance of sexual
Interestingly, nonviolent movies that are sexually explicit do not have this effect on men. Sexually aggressive men are more likely than other men to have had early sexual experience, to hold attitudes justifying rape, to be hostile to woman, to use alcohol frequently, to be part of peer groups that discuss women in highly sexualized terms, and to become sexually aroused by depictions of rape (Groth 7).
The documentary, Rape in the Fields, explores the experiences of women farm workers who are either documented or undocumented immigrants. Unfortunately, many of the men that these women work with take advantage of that fact by using it as a threat in order for them to commit sexual assault towards these women. The issues of “unwelcome” and “involuntary” actions, power and powerless, vulnerability, and receiving help for these women are all portrayed within this documentary. As defined in the presentation, “sexual conduct is unwelcomed whenever the person subjected to it considers it unwelcome.”
Similar patterns of decline were observed for the five-, ten-, and fifteen-year follow-up periods. When compared to the overall offender population, rates recidivism for sex offenders were lower at each time point across each follow-up period approximately 10-18% lower.
The treatment process for sex offenders is a staid yet encouraging process that educates the offender on specific tactics for discontinuing offensive behavior, being held accountable and taking blame for actions they have committed (Stop it Now, 2016). For the preponderance of those adults who have committed a sexual offense, treatment considerably diminishes the risk of recidivism. However, it does not offer forgiveness or justify abusive actions, nor is treatment intended to chastise or embarrass participants. The primary focus of treatment is to help the offender create a better life for himself by helping him or her develop their strengths and manage their weaknesses (Stop it Now, 2016). Treatment for sex offenders are accessible by counselors or therapists who concentrate in working with adults as well as youth with sexual behavior
http://www.safehorizon.org/page/rape--sexual-assault-54.html?gclid=CMDFiLTfrswCFQmSaQodtvMEWQ "Rape & Sexual Assault. " Safe Horizon. Web. 29 Apr. 2016. This website gives you the definition of sexual assault and rape.
The purpose of this literature review is to discuss the importance of sexual offender treatment, to compare and contrast research points regarding treatment, and to address the validity of the peer reviewed articles. Every year 6,000 sex offenders enter treatment (Waldram, 2008). Various therapeutic treatment options are offered, and the primary focus is to rehabilitate and change behavior. The body of research reveals different therapeutic treatment models and discusses the purpose and effectiveness of each model. This paper will also discuss some of the challenges of implementing therapeutic treatment schemas as viable alternatives to treat sex offenders. Lastly, the research will also examine the impact of treatment as it relates to
Of all the violent crimes in America, sexual assault has become one of the fastest growing misconduct under this category. Of those found guilty of sexual offenses, 25% of them were juveniles. Of these offenses that occurred within adult offenders, 50% of them announced that their first offense happened during their pubescent stage (Martin, 2009). To get a hold of the increasing number of juvenile sex offenders, they are many opinion related solutions, other routes like treatment methods, and of course answers within legislation that could possibly reduce or prevent this issue directly. There are some concerns that have been brought to attention with regards to the psychological and behavioral modification treatments that is administered
Another type of treatment that is effective towards helping sex offenders not reoffender is Psychotherapy; this treatment relieved that among 103 sex offenders 77.9% were sexually abused the some point in their lives. The advantage on using different ranges of data is that analysing is more generalizable and reprehensive.
Most research on sexual offending focuses on adult offenders, however, juveniles also engage in such behaviors. Official records indicate that juveniles are responsible for 17 to 20 percent of all sexual crimes, except prostitution, and victim reports, as well as, youth self-reports suggest even higher rates of juvenile sexual offending (Letourneau & Borduin, 2008). Although it remains clear that there is no specific “cure” for sex offenders, various treatment programs and punishments have been put in place as remedies to limit sex offending (Letourneau & Borduin, 2008). The following provides further insight on the most common treatment programs being utilized for juvenile sexual offenders today: cognitive-behavioral treatment programs (Terry, 2006).
The acceptance of rape myths and sexual scripts are also major contributors to the thriving rape culture. Rape myths are the false but commonly-held beliefs about rape, and they are closely related to sexual scripts, the culturally established prototypes for how sexual encounters should proceed. Both of these elements support the act of rape and promote the victim blaming and normalization that rape culture entails. Key rape myths include: 1. Husbands can’t rape their wives, 2. Men must engage in sex once sexually aroused 3.Women ask to be raped 4. Rapist are different from most other men 5. Women enjoy rape 6. Women lie about being raped. These incorrect principles can be traced to the patriarchal system that accepts and fosters rape as an
Beckett et al (1994) concluded that short term programmes demonstrated positive outcomes for sex offender treatment, however this is determined on the level of deviancy of the offender. Low level deviancy had a positive outcome with the short treatment approach, whereas high level deviancy responded well to long term treatment programmes. Therefore it is recommended more specialist
Shows like Game of Thrones can’t get through one episode without showing off a woman’s body or implying rape (5a). Even sitcoms like “Two Broke Girls” join in on it. This is especially surprising as the show is about two women and co-created by a woman. It sports such jokes as, “Stop fighting it, give in to it. I don’t know why I’m quoting a rapist.” and “Somebody date raped me and I didn’t think I would live through it but now I’m stronger and still needy.” (6a). Most people would just laugh the joke off and think nothing of it. Walter Moseley, said “Rape Culture exists because we don’t believe it does.” (6a). In a study conducted in 2009 by David Lesak and Paul M. Miller, they found that male college students would admit to raping others as long as the word rape wasn’t used in the questionnaire (6a). This is a byproduct of rape jokes in the media which trivialize rape and make rapists themselves not correlate what they did to rape.
Rape is a crime that Americans hear very little about, yet everyone knows that such acts occur frequently. Rape is a very personal form of violence that continuously impacts the victim for years after it occurs, if not for the rest of the victim’s life. The effects of rape, short-term and long-term, can be catastrophic for the victim, causing them physical and psychological damage (Gluck, 2016). I believe that by using the Rational Choice Theory, rape can be eliminated in today’s society by the use of castration as a punishment for offenders and as a deterrence for possible future offenders.
Feminist scholarship has argued that rape ideology encourages and justifies sexual coercion, trivializes sexual violence and demeans and devalues women who have experienced sexual assault. The foundation of this argument is based on women's experiences in patriarchal societies. Due to the fact that
Most people would agree that as you grow up you learn by seeing, feeling ,touching , smelling, and hearing . Albert Bandura supports this by a theory he created called the Social Learning Theory (McLeod, 2011). Social Learning Theory is a theory that explains that behavior is learned by your social environment, interactions and observations of others. With this theory I would say it supports opinion in which I would say that rape is not something somebody just decides one day to do. I believe that rape is learned throughout time. There are many social and even media factors that sometimes may come off with the intention that rape is acceptable. In some media factors they may even perceive that being forcibly raped is pleasurable. Movies tend to do it often and sometimes movies don 't realize that what people see on television can sometimes influence people to see these acts as a norm. For instance the fact that a college kid is in a frat and he 's in a party there is a good percentage that he would reenact what television had stereotype frats boys to do. Television would label the frat boys as potential rapist and the human mind would consider that when you take on that role as a frat boy. One of the biggest media factors all the way from television to the internet that for so many years that perceive rape as acceptable is pornography.