Harmonics Mitigation
Line harmonics can have costly and disruptive effects on electrical distribution system.
At present there are several reduction or mitigation methods in use to reduce the distortion of the voltage and current from non-linear distribution loads such as variable frequency drives (VFDs). Description of each method with relative advantages and disadvantages are as follows.
No method used
The adjustable frequency drive requirements for IEEE 519 1992 guidelines may not be met without a line reactor or additional impedance because many AFDs require a minimum of 1% to 3% input impedance. IEEE 519 1992 guidelines may not be met even if the total connected AFD or VFD loads are less than 10%. It is assumed that the AFD has a six-diode input bridge and no line reactor, filter or DC choke applied. Advantages:
• No additional cost
• The VFDs are easy to package
• The AFDs are easy to sell and apply.
Disadvantages:
• There may be a possibility of high levels of harmonic voltage and current distortion.
• Line transients can cause damage to the VFDs.
• AFD impedance requirement may not be met.
DC Choke
On the front end of the adjustable frequency drive, a series inductance on the DC side of the semiconductor bridge circuit is called a DC choke. An equivalent AC-side line reactor is comparable to the DC choke, except that the THD of DC choke is less than that of the AC counterpart. A greater reduction of the 5th and 7th harmonics, primarily, is provided by the DC
*SUPERSEDURE NOTICE - This Technical Manual supersedes TM 9-1010-230-23&P dated 30 November 2005, inlcuding all changes.
Do you feel like having power is easy as turning on a light switch to to plugging an appliance into the wall maybe you do but after reading this your opinion might change.This research paper will discuss the idea of barehanding and how to work on energized power lines.
Static VAR compensator- it’s a set of devices to provide fast-acting reactive power on high-voltage electricity X’mission networks. SVCs are part of the FACTS family, regulating voltage, power factor; harmonics & stabilizing the system. SVC has no significant moving parts (except internal switchgear).
The most profound finding of this experiment is that the inductance of the secondary coil does not influence the overall performance of the system in a real-world scenario. The factor that influenced the real-world performance most is the total resistance/loss in the secondary, which is shown by an inversely proportional relationship. As the effective resistance of the secondary coil decreased, its performance went up, as shown by the trend lines in Graphs 1 and 4.
Modelling of the series transformer, VSC and LC filter is presented in this section. A time-varying threephase
They can be phase compensated with a single external capacitor, and have terminals for adjustment of offset voltage for application requiring offset null capability [Figure.2.8] Controllable output power analysis of
In the past years there has been a major uproar in the automotive field of consumers wanting more power for less money and less effort to install. For many years people was required to pay someone thousands of dollars for small engine upgrades to only gain minimal horsepower. For a decade it was considered that gasoline vehicles was the only way for people to go when wanting to reach huge power gains for drag racing and everyday use. Until 5 years ago diesel vehicles was considered only as a tow vehicle that was sluggish and had low power range. Soon people realized the need/want for cheap performance parts that would offer high power gains. A short time later a device known as a chip was developed this device was universal for all makes it was a cheap option for people to add vast amounts of power in only a 5-10 minute span. This invention was
(c) Various combinations of capacitor and inductor, such as L-section filter section filter, multiple section filter etc. which make use of both the properties mentioned in (a) and (b) above. Two cases of capacitor filter, one applied on half wave rectifier and another with full wave
Laurel couldn’t remember the last time she had been on a supply run or even outside the gates of Witherbury. Since coming to Witherbury she spent most of her time getting the power grid up and running, along with the small water treatment center in the town. Those where her two main priorities and ones she worked day and night on. She also had to train two people in how to maintain it is something where ever to happen to her when she went out on runs. When she was satisfied that she could leave the two in charge, she jumped at the chance to get out of the town. She loved the town but being stuck in one place for to long was starting to driver her a tad batty.
Fig. 5.6. Adding the current limiter to the VSI control: (a) grid voltages, grid currents; and (b) dc-link voltage under an SLG-voltage sag at MV side of the transformer.
Fig. 11 shows a comparison of DPWM2O, DPWMLPF2 and GDPWMO at 0.4 modulation index. The inverter is operating with 160 Hz fundamental frequency and 7.68 kHz switching frequency. The output power factor angle is 45°. It can be seen that each strategy produces 32 pulses in one cycle. However, the clamping interval of the GDPWMO strategy is perfectly aligned with the line current peaks, whereas the DPWM2O and DPWMLPF2 strategies incurs switching instances around the current peaks.
In 1994 they introduced a single stage, dual spool (one for exhaust spool and one for presuizing intake) turbo charger for the 6.5 this increased the horsepower and torque output. In 1995 the government mandated that all vehicles must be able to comply with On Board Diagnostics (also known as “OBD”) by 1996 for emission and safety concerns. On Board Diagnostics is a real time monitoring system put on all vehicles manufactured after 1995. The OBD monitoring detects any discrepancy on the the vehicle at any moment. General motors did not make their diesels electronically controlled but instead went for a electronically monitored injection pump. This helped with fuel milage and manufacturing
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The names of the dc exciter models differ between PSS®E and PSLF. Hence, for the check on parameter KE in dc exciters, the following models were checked in PSLF: esdc1a, esdc2a, esdc3a, esdc4b, exdc1, exdc2, exdc2a, exdc4, ieeet1, and rexs.
Nissan says the beefy V8 is outfitted with variable valve event & lift (VVEL) technology for improved response and performance. Further, Nissan enhanced throttle response by controlling the intake valve and also employs direct injection gas technology.