Psychological Impacts Of War In Somewhere On The Border, By Anthony Akerman

Ahead of his time, Shakespeare was openly sending a message of stopping pointless and demoralizing discrimination. He gave his lead character African descent and also gave him human qualities instead of the qualities that Elizabethan people thought blacks possessed. This message is very relatable to instances of more recent history. It connects with that of 19th century American slavery and the Civil Rights Movement. It even links to existing racism today with all of the incidents between white police officers and everyday black

The topic of war is hard to imagine from the perspective of one who hasn't experienced it. Literature makes it accessible for the reader to explore the themes of war. Owen and Remarque both dipcik what war was like for one who has never gone through it. Men in both All Quiet on the Western Front and “Dulce Et Decorum” experience betrayal of youth, horrors of war and feelings of camaraderie.

War can destroy a man both in body and mind for the rest of his life. In “The Sniper,” Liam O’Flaherty suggests the horror of war not only by presenting its physical dangers, but also by showing its psychological effects. We are left to wonder which has the longer lasting effect—the visible physical scars or the ones on the inside?

the play are ―rich symbol[s]‖ that convey the barriers of a ―racist society‖ (Kenny par. 18). The

War is a dangerous game, many people would likely agree to this, however, very few have ever seen a battlefront. The truth is that war, no matter how awful we can imagine it, is always exponentially worse. In Timothy Findley’s The Wars, Robert Ross, the protagonist,­ faces a situation that he finds difficult to come to terms with, and when faced with a similar situation later on in the novel, he must take drastic measures to reconcile the uncertainties of the past situation. Timothy Findley suggests, through the life of Robert Ross, that one’s need to reconcile the uncertainties of past experiences dominate our actions when such situations come up again in our lives. In the words of Hiram Johnson, a US Senator during the First World War,

beside what can be spoken.” (pg. 4) This quote helps to show the trauma associated with war as

Douglas MacArthur once said “ the soldier above all others prays for peace, for it is the soldier who must suffer and bear the deepest wound and scars of war “ Wars from the past have shaped our culture and others have destroyed it. Love ones have said goodbye, not knowing it would be their last goodbye. In the short author Liam O’Flaherty includes the element of surprise that war can not only physical risk but psychological suffering.

The effects of war on young people lead to the regression of humanity. This statement will be proved by referring to the novel by Eric Maria Remarque, All Quiet on the Western Front, poems from Wilfred Owen, Anthem of the Doomed Youth,, “To any dead officer”, “They” as well as Christ and the soldier by Siegfried Sassoon, music lyrics from Roger Whittaker’s I Don't Believe In If Anymore, art pieces like Mealtime and Feeling wounded by Otto Dix and Egon Schiele’s portrait of Reserve Lieutenant Heinrich Wagner and portrait of an Officer. When referring to the above mentioned genres we will be focusing on the dehumanisation, demoralisation and disillusionment of war that leads to the regression of humanity.

The infamous collection of lasting mental effects of warfare has been classified as a disorder known by many names: shell shock, Soldier’s Heart, and combat fatigue. Today, this disorder is classified as post-traumatic stress disorder, or PTSD. According to the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, PTSD symptoms include persistent nightmares, constant avoidance of trauma-associated stimuli, and emotional numbing that was not present before trauma. PTSD is unlike other mental disorders because it is linked to a specific traumatic event, and it is often associated with combat (Institute 1). World War I was the catalyst for interest and research on war neuroses; at the time,

Although it is said that slavery ended on 1865, there is still racial inequity in the system that was designed to protect the people and that system is known as the criminal justice system. After the end of slavery, prison became the new path to provide cheap labor not only for big businesses, but also for plantations and the United States government. It is clear that our problems we face today are from a racial and prejudice perception. We must also look at the history of racism, which can be linked to crime, race, and location. When most think of incarceration, we believe it to be thought of as a positive form of punishment and negative form of punishment. In the play all of the male characters have encountered an experience with being incarcerated.

Death was inevitable. Losing a companion, witnessing suffering or distress, fuelled soldiers to kill and become aloof. The author writes about losing his soldiers in battle, “Round about us in the mounds of earth rested the bodies of dead comrades, every foot of ground had witnessed some sort of drama, behind every traverse lurked catastrophe, ready day and night to pluck its next chance victim.” It is clear that a soldier, having suffered a loss or injury, would grow from the experience and become accustomed to the reality of war. Warriors grow delusional in the trenches, having to succumb to rat-killing sprees for boredom's sake. They travel endless journeys and lose their sense of morality, as the state is to justify their actions. Ernst Junger comments on a British murder, “It wasn't a case of “you or me” any more. I often thought back on him; and more with the passing of the years. The state, which relieves us of our responsibility, cannot take away our remorse; and we must exercise it. Sorrow, regret, pursued me deep into my dreams.” Soldiers often suffered emotional and psychological trauma from these events.

War has affected many soldiers around the world. War generally has a negative effect on the people and the societies involved. These texts provide examples of the negative effects of war and how it has impacted soldiers lives; ‘Hero of war by Rise against’, ‘Dulce et decorum est by Owen Wilfred’, ‘Rambo - First Blood by Ted Kotcheff’ and ‘The Patriot by Ted Kotcheff’. All of the soldiers in these texts are suffering from ‘emotional scarring’ as a result of what happened during the war. There are many different negative effects of war, such as post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and regret.

When looking at the origins of African-American Dramas specifically in Mulatto, Native Son, A Raisin in the Sun, Funnyhouse of a Negro, Great Goodness of Life, and Dutchman, the emotions of all these characters created the sense that everyone in this time were still searching for their identity. Each character in the plays had to overcome difficulties relating to their skin color, thus causing either confusion or confidence in their search for what defines them as their self. It created internal conflicts and they often blamed society for specific expectations and stereotypes. How the characters decided to express their feelings in emotions demonstrates a sense of realism and how they viewed themselves. In each play, we are able to see how the characters deal with the searching of their identity through various emotions and internal conflicts through their life choices.

“Master Harold”…and the Boys, by Athol Fugard takes place in the apartheid regime of South Africa. The main theme in the play is racism, and the characters Hally, Sam and Willy confront its realities in various ways throughout the play. Fugard uses symbolism as a way to explore racial tensions. He uses four key symbols to establish the themes of racism and division as well as hope, freedom and harmony. These include the meaning of the segregated bench, the flying kite, the ballroom dancing and the crippled father.

Identity and acting are massive themes within both Sizwe Bansi Is Dead and Death And The Kings Horseman. In both plays, the black people are enforced by the whites to behave in a certain way. Some do this In order to live an easy life or for other reasons such as survival or to provide for there families, but some resist by retaining there cultural values, or revolting. But the relationship between acting and identity is of great importance, as within both books there is resistance and