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University of Missouri-Kansas City
School of Nursing
N345: Quantitative Analysis in the Health Sciences
Supplementary Course Materials
Steve Krantz, Ph.D.
Introduction:
The following materials are presented as supplementary support for the content presented in class discussions. These materials have been drawn from edited and revised materials I have used for other research and statistics courses. The information has been organized to provide learners with additional information, or review data, for the content covered in class that I consider to be of importance. I have prepared them, not as a substitute for a test exactly, but as a translation of some of the arcane language typically found in statistics
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Generalizeability -- the ability to apply research conclusions in situations, and to subjects and settings, beyond the specific confines of the research setting; and
4. Order and control -- “order” meaning systematic and “control,” a very large concept in research design, referring to procedures implemented which limit the alternative explanations for research results and enhance the confidence in research findings.
II. Research Designs
A. Research designs are the systematic plans for the conduct of research. Different plans, or designs, are appropriate for different kinds of research. These designs are presented here because a part of the process of selecting a statistical procedure involves knowledge of the design employed. The “typology” which follows presents a brief overview of the concepts and terminology used to describe research. While a lengthier discussion is included later in these materials, I thought a picture of the major categories of research might make it a little easier to review the information:
Research Procedures
Quantitative Qualitative
(a different course)
Experiments Non-experiments
True Quasi- Descriptive Comparative Correlational
B. The research design: Okay, with the above picture in mind, the research design (the systematic plan)
Leach, C. (1979). Introduction to statistics: A nonparametric approach for the social sciences. New York: Wiley.
Short Answer Writing Assignment – Both the calculated binomial probabilities and the descriptive statistics from the class database will be used to answer the following questions.
Methodological Issues Article Review. Read the following articles, which can be accessed through the ProQuest database in the Ashford University Library:
Complete Exercises 11 and 16 in Statistics for Health Care Research: A Practical Workbook, and submit as directed by the instructor (e.g., as a Microsoft Word document in the LoudCloud classroom).
In brief, the article’s strengths and weaknesses both revolve around data collection. On one hand, graphic representation of the findings support the author’s thesis, provides a strong visual understanding and a conclusive response to the presented hypotheses. Nevertheless, the continuous mention, from the author, of limited available data suggests that the presented evidence may be flawed. (1, 601)
The prescription filling process of the health maintenance organization (HMO) consists of the doctor sending the prescription to the pharmacy via paper with the patient, paper to the nurse who calls in the prescription with instructions, or faxing the prescription to the pharmacy. From there, the personnel at the pharmacy fill the prescription by inputting the information given to them into their computer in order to print the instructions and medication labels for the prescriptions. They then pull the requested medications per the instructions, fill the necessary containers to give to the patients, and label
The analysis of the data was done by employing the following statistical techniques which were chosen only after the investigator found them to be most appropriate and compatible to the data. Each statistical method is based upon its own specific assumptions regarding the nature of the sample, its universe and research conditions. These factors were considered in advance. Following statistical measures were
2. READING TIME = 10 Minutes 3. THIS EXAMATION PAPER HAS 9 PAGES 4. TOTAL NUMBER OF QUESTIONS - 6. 5. ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS. 6. ALL QUESTIONS ARE OF EQUAL VALUE 7. TOTAL MARKS AVAILABLE FOR THIS EXAMATION - 60. 8. THE MARKS AWARDED TO EACH PART OF A QUESTION ARE INDICATED. 9. CANDIDATES MAY BRING THEIR OWN CALCULATORS TO THE EXAM 10. STATISTICAL TABLES ARE PROVIDED AT THE END OF THE EXAM PAPER 11. ALL ANSWERS MUST BE WRITTEN IN PEN. PENCILS MAY BE USED ONLY FOR DRAWING, SKETCHING OR GRAPHICAL WORK. 12. THIS PAPER MAY BE RETAINED BY THE CANDIDATE
___IV. Practical Aspects - This book provides detailed descriptions on tests including specific data for purpose
Quantitative research is used throughout the science field but is also used immensely throughout research in nursing. The author will investigate a study that has been conducted and understand the role of it in the practice of nursing. Quantitative research can be achieved by polls, questionnaires, interviews, or surveys. The primary focus is hand hygiene procedures and how it can reduce the risk of infection among the home and community settings by using handwashing and alcohol based hand sanitizers.
(Business Statistics 7th edition,
This course definitely improved my knowledge and ability by helping me build a foundation of statistical methods and principles. I feel that I am now able to perform advanced quantitative studies of research in my current health profession as a Healthcare Sergeant in the Army. I am now able to implement the probability theory on which inferential statistics are based as well as being able to distinguish between a statistical sample and a population. Throughout the course I realized through evaluation of my work and feedback from Dr. Willson that my weak points were conducting parametric and nonparametric inferential statistical tests with the chi-square analyses. I could have performed better by researching outside of the required readings
of the same interest that is measured at the same time, where one person has received
information in the analysis. The Appendix to this teaching note contains a discussion of these
In terms of independent variables, by referring to the Appendix, figure 1 reveals the summary of the sample; it also