3.1 Average Rainfall
The suburb of Highton is positioned in the city of Geelong, Victoria, Likewise, the information that has been collected on this suburb was obtained from the nearest weather station (Weather Station Code-087184) and the Australian Bureau Of Metrology.
The data that was gathered highlighted the annual rainfall of this suburb to be around 520 mm. This result indicated the dryness of the suburb of Highton. However, in comparison, the Melbourne CBD was shown to be around 650 mm which indicated a 130 mm difference of rainfall annually.
Figure 1- Average Rainfall Annual. Source: Australian Bureau Of Metrology
3.2 Historical Trends
Figure 2 was accessed and analysed from Breakwater (Geelong Racecourse),
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Similarly, the annual rainfall was taken into consideration, which therefore was multiplied to the area by the roofing [2]. Hence, getting an accurate figure upon what the expected water collection of the Highton residence may be, therefore, allowed a precise figure to work with.
Figure 4- Floor plan. Source: Third Ecology
Figure 5- Roof Plan. Source: Third Ecology
Calculations
Total Roof Area- 299.97 m2
Average Annual Rainfall- 520 mm^2
Max Annual Rainfall - 600.2 mm2
Total Roof Area x Average Annual Rainfall- 299.97m2 x 520 mm= 155,984.40 L
Total Roof Area x Max Annual Rainfall -299.97 x 600.2 mm2= 180,041.99 L
3.4 Expected Water Usage
As shown in Figure 5, the average water usage for an Australian residence is around 166 L per day. Therefore, placing Australia below the United States Of America.
Despite using less water than the USA, England set a better example as they were shown to use less water by about a half of what Australians use on a daily basis, which is clearly shown in Figure 6. Hence, indicating that a change is needed and that it indeed is possible to use less water on a day-to-day basis.
On the other hand, due to these statistics, a family of four who lives in Victoria will consume (166 L x 365 days x 4) 242,360 L per
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The way Americans use water all depends on the location and how much water is readily available. California, a dry state with scarce water supply, versus Florida, a tropical state with more water resources, have very different ways of using water throughout the day. For example, Coastal southern California has cutting-edge water usage policies, including mandatory low-flow toilets and strict lawn watering laws (Pickert, 19). Compared to Florida, which has an adequate water supply, Floridians still use more water than what is available, and have very little water usage policies to resolve this issue (Behn, 45). Although there are many issues concerning water usage in Florida and California, there are many ways in which they can be resolved,
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Have you ever thought about how much water you waste each day? If you haven't, than that is pretty normal. People in America have it so good here because they can just walk to a fossate and get clean water. But in other parts of the world it is not that easy. They have to walk long treks just to get water that is not even clean.
18. Melbourne, the state capital of Victoria and second largest city in Australia, has a temperate ocean’s climate and is well known for its changeable weather conditions. This is mainly due to Melbourne’s geographical location. This temperature differential is must pronounced in the spring and summer months and can cause very strong cold from to form.
Australia’s average water use per person is 340 litres, this includes showering, drinking, toilet use and so on. Australia applies 50% of water in residential garden for uses such as irrigation and much more. Australia has very dry and torrid weather so the use of coolers are 10%. 1% of water is used in residential pools for maintenance. 10% is used for indoor residential water use, this includes washing, cleaning, drinking and other bodily and household functions.
This policy brief brings to light the issue of household water consumption in Perth, particularly the need to examine the potential for large scale water savings in the domestic sphere. Domestic water use is nearly double that of Melbourne and Brisbane, whilst local water supplies are critically low. This brief summarises the history of water usage in Perth, it accounts culturally for the reasons that we use so much on our gardens. There is a section that outline the dimensions of issue, who is using how much? The benefit that multi-story housing has on water
The water use can be divided in withdrawal and consumption. When the water is withdrawal or diverted, it is call withdrawal. When the water is not more available after the use is called consumption. In the United States one person usage about 69.3 gallons (163 liters) at home. On the world, the sector that consumes more water is the agriculture. The agriculture consumes about 70% of the freshwater, the industry 23% and the domestic urban 8%. California is the state that more withdrawal water, and it is because of the farmers. One pound of potatoes consume 60 gallons of water. In addition, one healthy person intake 3,000 liters of water in your daily food.
I believe the significance to the reference of rain in the story, communicates the fact that nature is uninterrupted by not only mankind ways of life, but their catastrophic disasters brought on by nuclear destruction. In that, although this fictional world was apparently destroyed by a nuclear attack, it didn’t affect nature from continuing to function as normal. Furthermore, I would venture to say that the writer was making a play on the fact that not only did nature continue as normal in the midst of disaster, but the computerized home did so as well. In that, the computerized home responded to the rain as if the inhabitants were still alive, and attempted to prepare the would be residents, for the weather. The writer said, “Somewhere in the walls, relays clicked, memory tapes glided under electric
Figure 1: Structure Map divides the Study Area into six landscape units based on the Patch-Corridor-Matrix Model; Low Density Urban, Commercial-Industrial, Vegetation, Cleared Open Space, Natural Corridors and Traffic Corridors. Viewed together, these discrete units form a relatively coarse-grained and high-contrast landscape. The largest unit, Low Density Urban development, constitutes approximately 50% of the Study Area and forms the background matrix of the landscape. This development is relatively homogenous with an even distribution, and is typical of residential suburbs in the Brisbane region. The three patch types: Commercial-Industrial, Vegetation and Cleared Open Space each make up approximately 15% of the Study Area. Again, these
It has come to my concern that the overuse of water has caused many problems throughout Australia. The overuse of water has destroyed habitats and instigated droughts and i believe that there will be less water for the future. I urge you to read this letter and consider changing the overuse of water for the better of our country.
Figure 4: Dimensions and choice of the appropriate size of both gutter and outer drain for the right roof size ……………………………………………………………………………..…..6
As shown in Figure 2.1, there is fair spatial distribution of meteorological stations in the study area. Most of the stations are with more than 40 years of rainfall records with time series of rainfall measurements from 1961-2015. But, there are data gaps and different recording periods. Therefore, in addition to meteorological records, a set of global climate layers (climate grids) with a spatial resolution of about 1 square kilometer has been used from Global Climate Data for the purpose of validating
The area receives biannual types of rainfall with longer rainfall from April to late October. The average annual rainfall was found to be 1069.24 mm/year. The maximum and minimum mean monthly rainfall were 147.09 mm (in August) and 26.00 mm (in November), respectively. Wind speed at 2 m height varies from 3.24 m/s (in February) to 2.31 m/s (in September). The highest (81.65%) and lowest (42%) relative humidity was recorded in the month of July and February. The maximum (26.16 ˚C) and the minimum (11.76 ˚C) temperature were recorded in March and November, respectively. The highest sunshine hours occur in the month of February (8.7) while the lowest occur in the month of August (5.5).