Calculus has always seemed to be a daunting task for high school students. I feel that it is a mental block that has been developed in our minds due to the initial challenges it throws at us. Since A-form, I have had an immense passion for this branch of mathematics. During summer holidays, I took Calculus lessons to enhance my graphical understanding of complex equations. Therefore, I would like to discuss an intriguing topic of Calculus to generate interest amongst that segment of my batch that has aversion towards Calculus. My topic is to study few fascinating algebraic and geometric properties of elliptical curves and its application in fields such as Cryptography.
As students of mathematics, we have studied Conic Sections which mainly
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For example: if we want to find a tangent to an elliptical curve y^2=x^3+ax+b . Then we differentiate the equation with respect to x we obtain the slope at that point and using the equation y=mx+c we obtain the equation of tangent at a particular point.
Finding the tangents to curve and area of a curve were the driving questions which motivated mathematicians in the 18th century to lay the foundations of calculus. Interestingly, the Greeks had already calculated the area of an ellipse by approximations. They constructed polygons, one inside and one around the ellipse which roughly were equivalent to the area of the ellipse.
In today’s cyber oriented world, elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) is gaining widespread application. Recently, it was also misused by NSA for violating the IT security policies. Interestingly, we have already studied the basics in order to study this topic
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For every value of x, it is assumed that it is impossible to find discrete logarithm of a random elliptic curve element. This assumption is also known as “elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem”. Discrete logarithm can be best understood through modular exponentiation. Though this term may sound pompous, I assure you it is not the case. In modular arithmetic, number theorists study the behavior of numbers on division with other numbers. Consider the number 13, on division with 8 it yields the remainder 5. In modular arithmentic this can be written
I think it is safe to say math has always been a passion of mine. I remember learning to count to 1000 in first grade. When I was finally able to do it without any help, it was like swimming for the first time, eating the ripe tomatoes I grew myself, or putting together a new song on the guitar. The feeling of accomplishment cannot be recreated. As we get older, this feeling becomes more difficult to achieve. This only increases my motivation and determination to learn something new. AP calculus has been a roller coaster of learning. Despite the struggle and rigor, I learned valuable skills that will help me in my future aspirations. Taking the AP Calculus exam gave me a rush of accomplishment. I have built a knowledge base because I am constantly
Coincidently, quadratic equations have also been the most interesting. There are so many real-life applications to this type of equation. It can be used in sports, science, technology, engineering, and many other applicable careers. Quadratic equations can also be used for practical applications such as the decline of gas mileage in a car over time or tracking the movement of planets and stars in space. There are also different ways to simplify quadratic equations depending on the circumstance and existing information known ahead of time. This makes them one of the more flexible
for the entirety of your math career, youve never calculated a moment’s slope. you only use approximations based on numbers before and after the current moment. That is, of course, until you hit calculus, when everything becomes instantaneous. In calculus, you derive equations to find how things are changing in the now; no need to focus on anything that came before or after. A tendency toward instantaneous moments occurred multiple times junior year.
The Bifurcation diagram also called the logistic map, shows the region of all possible values of the logistic equation. The relative simplicity of the logistic map makes it a widely used point of entry into a consideration of the concept of chaos.
The history of calculus falls into several distinct time periods, most notably the ancient, medieval, and modern periods. The ancient period introduced some of the ideas of integral calculus, but does not seem to have developed these ideas in a rigorous or systematic way. Calculating volumes and areas, the basic function of integral calculus, can be traced back to the Egyptian Moscow papyrus (c. 1800 BC), in which an Egyptian successfully calculated the volume of a pyramidal frustum.[1][2] From the school of Greek mathematics, Eudoxus (c. 408−355 BC) used the method of exhaustion, which prefigures the concept of the limit, to calculate areas and volumes while Archimedes (c. 287−212 BC) developed this idea
During the first half of my Integrated Practicum, I was independent for the most time, applying my critical thinking, decision-making, communication, and research abilities, but I also asked for assistance or support from my Preceptor and CCD if difficult question raised. I followed the CHNC standards of building trusting relationship and demonstrated professional accountability, responsibility, and adaptability in approaching clients, groups, community partners, nurses, peers, and other professionals. I worked collaboratively in teams and fostered growth with other nursing students by sharing knowledge or alternative approaches or offering the topics to explore. I am confident that I am gaining the necessary
From the period of 1145AD – the late 16th century, many mathematicians developed on algebraic concepts. However, it was not until the 1680’s that the most remarkable discoveries were made using algebra. Sir Isaac Newton was a very famous mathematician, English physicist, astronomer, philosopher, and alchemist. During his period of study, he used algebra to describe universal gravitation, develop the laws of motion, found orbits of the planets to be elliptical, discovered that light was made of particles, discovered the rate of cooling objects, and the binomial theorem. His most important works were the development of calculus. However, Newton did not work alone on creating the
Pierre de Fermat Pierre de Fermat was born in the year 1601 in Beaumont-de-Lomages, France. Mr. Fermat's education began in 1631. He was home schooled. Mr. Fermat was a single man through his life. Pierre de Fermat, like many mathematicians of the early 17th century, found solutions to the four major problems that created a form of math called calculus. Before Sir Isaac Newton was even born, Fermat found a method for finding the tangent to a curve. He tried different ways in math to improve the system. This was his occupation. Mr. Fermat was a good scholar, and amused himself by restoring the work of Apollonius on plane loci. Mr. Fermat published only a few papers in his lifetime and gave no systematic exposition of his methods. He had a
Philosophy can be described as a chance for person to undertake an opportunity to understand themselves, our world and society, and relations between ourselves and one another. Those who are able to study philosophy, can find out what is to be human, what kind of person is it good to be, and especially how are we to live a good life. I, myself, have had an opportunity to take a philosophy class and as my time in philosophy is starting to come to a close, I am suddenly realizing how Philosophy has changed the aspects and my outlook upon my life.
Euclid’s assumptions about his postulates have set the groundwork for geometry today. He provided society with definitions of a circle, a point, and line, etc and for 2000 was considered “the father of geometry.” His postulates proved to be a framework from which mathematics was able to grow and evolve, from two thousand years ago, till Newton and even to all our classrooms today.
Every fourth-year teacher trainees will have to conduct practicum and will work under the guideline of their associate teachers and supervisors. The purpose of doing the practicum are to put training into practice, to become accustomed to teaching in the tertiary school settings, and to develop and expand each trainee’s teaching expertise and confidence. In the following paragraph, I will express what I have learnt from doing practicum to reflect on my past teaching strengths and weaknesses from the teaching practicum.
In order for Newton to have discovered the mathematical genius of calculus, he first tried to understand the world around him through physical science. As a result he formulated the famous and well-known Three Laws of Motion, which looked to explain the effect of gravity on falling objects and how objects react with each other. To explain his theories of motion and gravity, Newton came up with calculus, which provided a method to find the change in an objects position and velocity with respect to time. Furthermore, Newton studied a vast amount of work by past prominent mathematicians. Through his extensive research and brilliance he realized that the earlier approaches to finding tangents to curves and to find the area under curves were actually inverse operations of each other and through seeing this relation, he formed the basis of calculus to answer his thoughts about the natural world. Differential calculus was one of his most important findings and is described by the Funk & Wagnall’s New World Encyclopedia as providing a, “method of finding the slope of the tangent to a curve at a certain point; related rates of change, such as the rate at which the area of a circle increases (in square feet per minute) in terms of the radius (in feet) and the rate at which the
Since, Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) introduced independently in 1985, by Neal Koblitz and Victor S. Miller. ECC Algorithms widely start uses in 2004 to 2005. ECC has become another way to provide security as Public Key Cryptosystem and it has been introduced in many popular standards such as E.g. RSA, ECDH. ECC provide top level of security with a shorter key size. This Research Paper presents all type of Popular Attacks on Elliptic Curve Cryptosystems.
This essay is reflection about my understanding from what I have learned during this class about what philosophy is. Philosophy is a broad topic and can be hard to understand. What we learn is class about philosophy defiantly makes me think and makes my brain turn all the time, but so far, my understanding is that philosophy is the study of knowledge. It breaks down what everything is. Examples used in class are chariness, deskness, and the main one sued in class “cupness”.