Research Paper On Dysarthria

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a genetic disease that pertains only to males caused by a defective gene and normally leads to many problems affecting a child’s leg movement. This disease got its name from the neurologist, Guillaume Benjamin Amand Duchenne. He was a very consistent doctor who followed many patients medical records. He diagnosed one of his patients with muscular dystrophy and then the disease picked up his name, due to his founding.

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy was first discovered in the 1860s by a French neurologist which went by the name of Guillaume Benjamin Amand Duchenne de Boulogne. Guillaume was the first to consider multiple types of muscular atrophy and paralysis which were caused by nerve disorders. He discovered that muscular atrophy was caused by a degeneration of the dorsal columns of the spinal cord. During the 1860s, Duchenne de Boulogne assessed and described the progressive muscle weakness within 13 boys. Using an instrument that Guillaume, himself had developed, he was able to remove portions of tissue found deep within the body which assisted with the discovery of biopsy practices.

The speech-language pathologists (SLPs) at Martin Health System (MHS) evaluate, diagnose, and treat a diverse patient population who present with a myriad of medical issues, the most common of which is a condition known as dysphagia. More than 80% of patients referred to an SLP at our facility present with this diagnosis. Broadly characterized by trouble swallowing, dysphagia includes everything from painful swallows, to coughing or choking while eating and drinking, or even a sensation of a lump in throat, . Complications of dysphagia can lead to dehydration, malnutrition, and respiratory problems such as aspiration pneumonia, fatigue, cognitive confusion, decreased quality of life, or even death.

Ben’s problems with muscle weakness is becoming progressively worse. At nine years old, he struggles to walk up the stairs. Ben has a condition called Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, which is a genetic disease that affects the muscles. A genetic disease is inherited and is explained through the process of DNA, RNA, and cell division. Duchenne has a variety of treatments, but no cures.

forms, the symptoms and signs change. All together there are a total of nine different types of

What is Muscular Dystrophy, or MD for short. Muscular Dystrophy is a hereditary disease that effects the muscles which controls movement weaken overtime, and in some cases will affect the heart and other organs. Symptoms can show up in those as young as infants and can stay in those in the middle ages or older. There are nine major forms of MD including: Myotonic, Duchenne, Becker, Limb-girdle, Facioscapulohumeral, Congenital, Oculopharyngeal, Distal, Emery-Dreifuss. The form and severity vary by the age that MD occurs. Some types of MD will affect mostly males, while some people with MD will enjoy a slow progression with mild symptoms, but on the otherhand, others will experience swift and severe weakening, dying in their late teens and early 20’s. More than 50,000 Americans are affected by various types of MD.

Muscular dystrophy is a rare disease. 349 out of 2.37 million males aged between five and twenty-four had Duchenne or Becker muscular dystrophy in 2007. Males are more likely to be affected. It is very rare for females to have the disease.

Over time, ALS tends to lead to almost total paralysis of the muscle movements, and then it eventually leads to respiratory failure. The cause of ALS is unknown; however, genetics may play a role. If you have family members with ALS, have been in the military, or have certain genetic

Dysphagia in the Elderly is about how and why people, when they age, come about having difficulty swallowing. With a recap on how normal swallowing works to some common causes of dysphagia such as oropharyngeal or esophageal dysfunction. The tables show the different dysphagia and how the patient may feel with associated symptoms. Research on how oropharyngeal dysphagia should be treated is reported to help those with swallowing difficulties.

Muscular Dystrophy also known as MD, is made up of a group of genetic diseases where muscle fibers are unusually susceptible to damage and the damaged muscles become progressively weak. Muscular Dystrophy is caused by certain defects with a specific type of gene known as the abnormal gene. Majority of muscular dystrophies come from an inherited disease referred to as X-linked disorders or genetic diseases in which mothers can transmit to their sons, even if the mother is not affected by the disease.

Each participant was assessed by a speech-language pathologist in a quiet room as a part of the pre-treatment assessment. Each participant’s speech, oromotor, and receptive language skills were assessed to determine their differential diagnosis. The participant’s speech skills were assessed by using the Articulation, Inconsistency and Phonological Assessments of the Diagnostic Evaluation of Articulation and Phonology (DEAP). This assessment allowed researcher to obtain standard scores with a mean of 10 and normal range of 7-13 (Crosbie et al. 2005). The speech-language pathologist who conducted the assessment made on-line transcriptions of the data. These transcriptions were then compared to the audio recordings of the session to determine

A speech-language pathologist trained to observe people as they speak and to identify their speech problems. Speech-language pathologists identify specific speech disorder people have. Not only determine the disorder speech-language pathologists examine how and when the disorder occurs. After the tests, child with speech disorder start treatment. Part of your treatment plan may include seeing a speech therapist, a person who trained to treat speech disorders. Language intervention activities, Articulation therapy, and Oral-motor/feeding and swallowing therapy are the name of therapies. Most treatment plans include breathing practice, relaxation approach that is planning to relax muscles when people speak, posture manages, and a type of voice

Muscular dystrophy or MD, a disease that causes progressive weakness in muscles. This occurs when a mutation that alters the production of proteins that the muscles need. MD is more common in boys, and in most cases, symptoms begin in childhood, but could not appear until later in life, depending on the type of MD. As of now, there is no known cure for MD but, there are treatments to slow the progression of the disease.

Various studies regarding LSVT and Dysarthria examined both dysarthria and non-progressive dysarthria as well. The research has indicated that the LSVT program improves elements of voice and motor speech. Although the initial purpose of the program was to improve these elements in individuals with Parkinson’s Disease, research has taken some of the elements that the program provides and apply them to other disorders with voice and motor speech involvement. In addition to the different areas of motor speech and voice, research has been done to evaluate LSVT regarding a variety of diagnoses and areas of motor, sensory, and neurological disorders. The research studies, aside from Parkinson’s Disease, is limited to case studies and single-subject design and findings are limited. (Fox, Morrison, Ramig, & Sapir, 2002). Awareness of sensory processing has increased in research as well as training has been incorporated into the program and the research has discussed that “intensity of treatment (hour-long, high-effort sessions), frequency of clinical contact (four times a week for 1 month), sensory retraining, and simple instructions (“think loud”) are key to the success of the LSVT (Fox et al., 2002). Another strength of the research is that majority of the studies performed a follow up

Parkinson disease is known to be characterized by high levels of jitter, tremor, and muscle rigidity. However, these characteristics have a significant impact on speech as well. Therefore, many patients with PD also suffer from hypokinetic dysarthria causing voice abnormalities and limitations in speech intelligibility. In this study, the voice and speech characteristics of patients with PD are analyzed by evaluating the acoustic features of vowel sounds.